Quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor expression in pancreatic cancer and its prognostic significance

Table 1 Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer

Characteristic	Total number (n = 93)
Age (years)	< 60: 21	≥ 60: 72
Sex	Male: 43	Female: 50
Tumor location	Head: 68	Body or tail: 25
Stage	RPC: 67	BRPC: 26
Lymph node	Negative: 19	Positive: 74
RM	Negative: 61	Positive: 32
Adjuvant therapy	None: 41	Yes: 52
CA 19-9	< 150 U/mL: 49	≥ 150 U/mL: 44
Histology	PD: 16	WD/MD/others: 77

RM: Resection margin; CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; RPC: Resectable pancreatic cancer; BRPC: Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer; PD: Poorly differentiated; WD: Well differentiated; MD: Moderately differentiated.

Table 2 Distribution and intensity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor positivity

Intensity	Proportion of PAUF staining											Total
	0	1-4	5-10	11-20	21-30	31-40	41-50	51-60	61-70	71-80	81-90
0	16	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	16
1+	0	6	22	7	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	38
2+	0	5	22	2	4	1	1	3	0	0	1	39
Total	16	11	44	9	6	1	1	3	0	0	2	93
Cumulative number (%)	16 (17.2)	27 (29.0)	71 (76.3)	80 (86.0)	86 (92.5)	87 (93.5)	88 (94.6)	91 (97.8)	91 (97.8)	91 (97.8)	93 (100)	93

PAUF: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor.

Table 3 Association between pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor expression and clinicopathological features of pancreatic cancer patients

Clinicopathological features	Low group (%)	High group (%)	P value	95%CI
Age (years)			0.6217	0.46-3.7
< 60	33.3	66.7
≥ 60	27.8	72.2
Sex			0.8245	0.37-2.2
Male	27.9	72.1
Female	30.0	70.0
Tumor location			0.8942	0.39-3.0
Head	29.4	70.6
Body or tail	28.0	72.0
Stage			0.46	0.26-1.8
RPC	26.9	73.1
BRPC	34.6	65.4
Lymph node			0.0019b	1.7-14
Negative	57.9	42.1
Positive	21.6	78.4
RM			0.2707	0.64-4.71
Negative	32.8	67.2
Positive	21.9	78.1
Adjuvant therapy			0.3347	0.63-3.83
None	34.1	65.9
Yes	25.0	75.0
CA 19-9			0.0842	0.89-5.75
< 150 U/mL	36.7	63.3
≥ 150 U/mL	20.5	79.5
Histology			0.4122	0.20-1.93
WD/MD/others	37.5	62.5
PD: 27.3	72.7

^bP < 0.01 vs lymph node-negative group.

RPC: Resectable pancreatic cancer; BRPC: Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer; RM: Resection margin; CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; PD: Poorly differentiated; WD: Well differentiated; MD: Moderately differentiated; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors including high and low expression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (high vs low)

Factors	Overall survival, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)	P value
PAUF expression, high vs low	2.05 (1.19-3.53)	0.009b
Age	1.01 (0.98-1.03)	0.921
Location
Head	Reference
Body	1.85 (0.94-3.66)	0.076
Tail	1.02 (0.53-1.96)	0.959
Stage
RPC	Reference
BRPC	1.07 (0.61-1.89)	0.813
Histology
WD or MD	Reference
PD	2.47 (1.34-4.58)	0.004b
RM
Negative	Reference
Positive	1.00 (0.58-1.72)	0.998
Nodal status
Negative	Reference
Positive	1.24 (0.69-2.25)	0.472
Adjuvant therapy	0.39 (0.24-0.64)	0.001b
CA19-9 (< 150 vs ≥ 150 U/mL)	1.12 (0.68-1.58)	0.65

^bP < 0.01 vs pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor-low group, well/moderately differentiated tumors, and no adjuvant therapy.

PAUF: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor; RPC: Resectable pancreatic cancer; BRPC: Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer; RM: Resection margin; CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; PD: Poorly differentiated; WD: Well differentiated; MD: Moderately differentiated.