Investigation of gastrointestinal tumor symptoms and risk factors in eighty patients with Parkinson’s disease

Table 1 Symptoms of gastrointestinal tumors in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Symptom	n (%)
Constipation	15 (93.75)
Abdominal bloating	10 (62.50)
Incomplete defecation	11 (68.75)
Weight loss	2 (12.50)
Heartburn	1 (6.25)
Abdominal pain	8 (50.00)
Nausea and vomiting	7 (43.75)
Dysphagia	3 (18.75)
Urgent defecation	12 (75.00)
Abdominal cramping	12 (75.00)
Increased flatulence	9 (56.25)
Hematochezia	6 (37.50)

Table 2 Comparison of two groups, mean ± SD

Characteristic	PD with gastrointestinal tumor (n = 16)	PD without gastrointestinal tumor (n = 64)	t/χ² value	P value
Gender (male), n (%)	12 (75.00)	24 (37.50)	5.836	0.016
Age (years)	63.48 ± 4.51	64.51 ± 3.98	0.902	0.370
Onset age (years)	61.32 ± 3.59	61.49 ± 3.67	0.166	0.868
Disease duration	3.69 ± 1.24	1.13 ± 0.29	15.189	< 0.001
Education level			0.044	0.834
Junior high school or below, n (%)	13 (81.25)	51 (79.69)
High school or above, n (%)	3 (18.75)	13 (20.31)
BMI (kg/m²)	23.44 ± 1.13	23.26 ± 1.45	0.462	0.645

PD: Parkinson’s disease; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 3 Comparison of data of two groups of scales, mean ± SD

Characteristic	PD with gastrointestinal tumours (n = 16)	The PD was not accompanied by gastrointestinal tumors (n = 64)	t/χ2	P value
MMSE	15.33 ± 1.48	15.64 ± 1.33	0.815	0.417
DASS-21	37.81 ± 2.08	38.02 ± 2.14	0.353	0.725
PSQI	18.42 ± 1.26	18.21 ± 1.33	0.571	0.570
BI	31.16 ± 2.43	30.97 ± 2.24	0.298	0.766
NMSS	60.51 ± 3.29	43.59 ± 3.99	15.661	< 0.001
I-FEED	10.49 ± 1.56	4.65 ± 1.11	17.273	< 0.001

PD: Parkinson’s disease; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; DASS-21: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; BI: Barthel Index; NMSS: Non-Motor Symptoms Scale; I-FEED: Intake, Feeling nauseated, Emesis, physical Exam, Duration of symptoms.

Table 4 Comparison of laboratory indicators of the two groups, mean ± SD

Characteristic	PD with gastrointestinal tumours (n = 16)	The PD was not accompanied by gastrointestinal tumors (n = 64)	t/χ2	P value
CEA (ng/mL)	7.33 ± 0.48	4.34 ± 0.33	29.414	< 0.001
CA19-9 (U/mL)	39.86 ± 2.08	28.01 ± 2.34	18.495	< 0.001
CA72-4 (U/mL)	8.31 ± 1.15	5.12 ± 0.44	17.809	< 0.001
TG (mmol/L)	0.98 ± 0.13	1.04 ± 0.24	0.962	0.339
TC (mmol/L)	4.31 ± 0.29	4.33 ± 0.19	0.336	0.738
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.49 ± 0.16	1.45 ± 0.11	1.180	0.241
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.38 ± 0.23	2.44 ± 0.13	1.391	0.168
ESR (mmol/L)	12.26 ± 1.34	12.34 ± 1.22	0.230	0.819

PD: Parkinson’s disease; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CA72-4: Carbohydrate antigen 72-4; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Table 5 Logistic regression analysis

Group	β	SE	Wald	P value	OR (95%CI)
Gender	2.366	0.258	84.282	< 0.001	10.654 (6.429-17.656)
Course of disease	0.753	0.379	3.956	0.047	2.124 (1.011-4.462)
NMSS	0.082	0.101	0.659	0.417	1.085 (0.891-1.321)
I-FEED	0.885	0.337	6.900	0.009	2.424 (1.252-4.693)
CEA	0.578	0.204	7.997	0.005	1.782 (1.194-2.660)
CA19-9	0.641	0.236	7.370	0.007	1.898 (1.195-3.015)
CA72-4	0.583	0.285	4.174	0.041	1.791 (1.024-3.133)

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; NMSS: Non-Motor Symptoms Scale; I-FEED: Intake, Feeling nauseated, Emesis, physical Exam, Duration of symptoms; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CA72-4: Carbohydrate antigen 72-4.