Prognostic significance of preoperative C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index in long-term outcomes after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index < 9.07 and C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index ≥ 9.07, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 300)	CTI < 9.07 (n = 169)	CTI ≥ 9.07 (n = 131)	Statistic	P value
Size (cm)	4.85 ± 3.05	4.52 ± 3.03	5.28 ± 3.04	t = -2.15	0.032
BMI	23.15 ± 3.79	22.71 ± 3.83	23.72 ± 3.68	t = -2.29	0.023
Gender				χ² = 0.23	0.635
Female	89 (29.67)	52 (30.77)	37 (28.24)
Male	211 (70.33)	117 (69.23)	94 (71.76)
Age				χ² = 0.71	0.401
< 50	118 (39.33)	70 (41.42)	48 (36.64)
≥ 50	182 (60.67)	99 (58.58)	83 (63.36)
Adjuvant therapy				χ² = 0.94	0.332
No	72 (24.00)	37 (21.89)	35 (26.72)
Yes	228 (76.00)	132 (78.11)	96 (73.28)
T stage				χ² = 2.96	0.061
T1	50 (16.67)	37 (21.89)	13 (9.92)
T2	49 (16.33)	29 (17.16)	20 (15.27)
T3	129 (43.00)	71 (42.01)	58 (44.27)
T4	72 (24.00)	32 (18.93)	40 (30.53)
N stage				χ² = 1.20	0.273
N0	100 (33.33)	65 (38.46)	35 (26.72)
N1	54 (18.00)	34 (20.12)	20 (15.27)
N2	50 (16.67)	28 (16.57)	22 (16.79)
N3	96 (32.00)	42 (24.85)	54 (41.22)
LN meta				χ² = 3.67	0.055
No	105 (35.00)	67 (39.64)	38 (29.01)
Yes	195 (65.00)	102 (60.36)	93 (70.99)
Vein inv				χ² = 1.40	0.236
No	126 (42.00)	76 (44.97)	50 (38.17)
Yes	174 (58.00)	93 (55.03)	81 (61.83)
Nerve inv				χ² = 0.78	0.376
No	130 (43.33)	77 (45.56)	53 (40.46)
Yes	170 (56.67)	92 (54.44)	78 (59.54)
CEA				χ² = 0.03	0.857
< 3	170 (56.67)	95 (56.21)	75 (57.25)
≥ 3	130 (43.33)	74 (43.79)	56 (42.75)
CA199				χ² = 2.48	0.115
< 37	256 (85.33)	149 (88.17)	107 (81.68)
≥ 37	44 (14.67)	20 (11.83)	24 (18.32)

CTI: C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index; T: Tumor; N: Node; BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; LN meta: Lymph node metastasis; Vein inv: Vein invasion; Nerve inv: Nerve invasion.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for disease-free survival

Variables	Univariate		Multivariate
	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)
Gender
Female		1.00 (Ref.)
Male	0.956	1.01 (0.64-1.59)
Age
< 50		1.00 (Ref.)
≥ 50	0.592	0.89 (0.59-1.35)
AT times
0		1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
1-3	0.011	2.06 (1.18-3.60)	0.779	0.91 (0.48-1.72)
4	0.022	0.56 (0.34-0.92)	< 0.001	0.17 (0.09-0.31)
T stage
T1		1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
T2	0.057	2.59 (0.97-6.91)	0.110	2.28 (0.83-6.28)
T3	< 0.001	4.24 (1.81-9.89)	0.001	4.78 (1.88-12.20)
T4	< 0.001	5.16 (2.13-12.52)	0.004	4.62 (1.65-12.94)
N stage
N0		1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
N1	0.356	1.36 (0.71-2.60)	0.112	1.79 (0.87-3.66)
N2	0.002	2.59 (1.42-4.72)	< 0.001	3.10 (1.62-5.93)
N3	< 0.001	2.76 (1.61-4.73)	< 0.001	3.49 (1.76-6.92)
LN meta
No		1.00 (Ref.)
Yes	0.002	2.06 (1.30-3.27)
CTI
< 9.07		1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
≥ 9.07	< 0.001	2.46 (1.63-3.71)	< 0.001	2.07 (1.36-3.17)
PNI	< 0.001	0.93 (0.90-0.97)	0.044	0.96 (0.92-0.99)
CEA	0.937	1.00 (0.99-1.01)
CA199	0.040	1.01 (1.01-1.01)

HR: Hazards ratio; CI: Confidence interval; AT: Adjuvant therapy; T: Tumor; N: Node; CTI: C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; LN meta: Lymph node metastasis.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for overall survival

Variables	Univariate		Multivariate
	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)
Gender
Female		1.00 (Ref.)
Male	0.667	1.14 (0.63-2.04)
Age
< 50		1.00 (Ref.)
≥ 50	0.346	1.31 (0.75-2.27)
AT
No		1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
Yes	0.015	0.51 (0.29-0.88)	< 0.001	0.15 (0.08-0.30)
T stage
T1		1.00 (Ref.)
T2	0.016	4.84 (1.35-17.36)
T3	0.017	4.24 (1.29-13.96)
T4	0.006	5.53 (1.62-18.88)
N stage
N0		1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
N1	0.028	2.89 (1.12-7.46)	0.001	5.87 (2.02-17.06)
N2	0.003	4.09 (1.63-10.26)	< 0.001	6.53 (2.48-17.18)
N3	< 0.001	5.83 (2.55-13.36)	< 0.001	12.18 (4.65-31.91)
LN meta
No		1.00 (Ref.)
Yes	< 0.001	3.20 (1.62-6.32)
CTI
< 9.07		1.00 (Ref.)		1.00 (Ref.)
≥ 9.07	< 0.001	2.77 (1.63-4.73)	0.001	2.47 (1.44-4.23)
PNI	< 0.001	0.90 (0.86-0.94)	< 0.001	0.91 (0.87-0.95)
CEA	0.884	1.00 (0.99-1.01)
CA199	0.004	1.01 (1.01-1.01)

HR: Hazards ratio; CI: Confidence interval; AT: Adjuvant therapy; T: Tumor; N: Node; LN meta: Lymph node metastasis; CTI: C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199.

Table 4 Comparison of features between the training and validation sets, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 300)	Validation (n = 90)	Training (n = 210)	Statistic	P value
Gender				χ² = 0.22	0.639
Female	89 (29.67)	25 (27.78)	64 (30.48)
Male	211 (70.33)	65 (72.22)	146 (69.52)
Age				χ² = 0.77	0.381
< 50	118 (39.33)	32 (35.56)	86 (40.95)
≥ 50	182 (60.67)	58 (64.44)	124 (59.05)
BMI				χ² = 0.26	0.614
< 25	216 (72.00)	63 (70.00)	153 (72.86)
≥ 25	84 (28.00)	27 (30.00)	57 (27.14)
Adjuvant therapy				χ² = 1.13	0.288
No	72 (24.00)	18 (20.00)	54 (25.71)
Yes	228 (76.00)	72 (80.00)	156 (74.29)
T stage				χ² = 1.52	0.678
T1	50 (16.67)	14 (15.56)	36 (17.14)
T2	49 (16.33)	16 (17.78)	33 (15.71)
T3	129 (43.00)	42 (46.67)	87 (41.43)
T4	72 (24.00)	18 (20.00)	54 (25.71)
N stage				χ² = 2.46	0.483
N0	100 (33.33)	28 (31.11)	72 (34.29)
N1	54 (18.00)	19 (21.11)	35 (16.67)
N2	50 (16.67)	18 (20.00)	32 (15.24)
N3	96 (32.00)	25 (27.78)	71 (33.81)
LN meta				χ² = 0.85	0.355
No	105 (35.00)	28 (31.11)	77 (36.67)
Yes	195 (65.00)	62 (68.89)	133 (63.33)
Vein inv				χ² = 0.21	0.646
No	126 (42.00)	36 (40.00)	90 (42.86)
Yes	174 (58.00)	54 (60.00)	120 (57.14)
Nerve inv				χ² = 1.03	0.309
No	130 (43.33)	43 (47.78)	87 (41.43)
Yes	170 (56.67)	47 (52.22)	123 (58.57)
CTI				χ² = 0.11	0.741
< 9.07	169 (56.33)	52 (57.78)	117 (55.71)
≥ 9.07	131 (43.67)	38 (42.22)	93 (44.29)
PNI				χ² = 0.25	0.616
< 45	86 (28.67)	24 (26.67)	62 (29.52)
≥ 45	214 (71.33)	66 (73.33)	148 (70.48)
CEA				χ² = 0.58	0.446
< 3	170 (56.67)	54 (60.00)	116 (55.24)
≥ 3	130 (43.33)	36 (40.00)	94 (44.76)
CA199				χ² = 2.24	0.135
< 37	256 (85.33)	81 (90.00)	175 (83.33)
≥ 37	44 (14.67)	9 (10.00)	35 (16.67)

CTI: C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index; T: Tumor; N: Node; BMI: Body mass index; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; LN meta: Lymph node metastasis; Vein inv: Vein invasion; Nerve inv: Nerve invasion.