Novel regulatory network of PS-1/β-catenin/p-PTEN axis in gastric cancer invasion

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the presenilin-1/β-catenin/phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog axis regulating invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer. Presenilin-1 upregulates β-catenin to promote phosphatase and tensin homolog phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention, thereby inactivating its tumor suppressor function and enhancing gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis. γ-secretase inhibitor blocks this pathway and inhibits tumor metastasis. PS-1: Presenilin-1; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; GSI: γ-secretase inhibitor; TCF: T cell factor; LEF: Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor.