Published online Sep 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i9.106801
Revised: April 9, 2025
Accepted: April 18, 2025
Published online: September 15, 2025
Processing time: 192 Days and 9.1 Hours
A recent study by Lu et al examined the potential benefits of postoperative combined therapy (PCT) using anti-programmed cell death protein-1/PD-ligand-1 and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for patients with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). At the same time, the findings offer important insights; however, several methodological and statistical limitations should be noted. These limitations include selection bias from the study’s retrospective design, variability in treatment regimens, a small sample size, and inadequate monitoring of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation. The study’s conclusions about PCT efficacy warrant cautious interpretation due to unresolved biases. Prospective trials with biomarker stratification are critical to confirm these preliminary findings. These findings underscore the need for prospective, biomarker-driven trials to validate the efficacy of PCT. Future research should prioritize standardized regimens, HBV reactivation monitoring, and global collaborations to optimize therapeutic strategies for HBV-HCC.
Core Tip: A recent study by Lu et al examined postoperative combined therapy (PCT) for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). While the findings provide important insights, it is essential to acknowledge several significant limitations. These include the potential for selection bias, a small sample size, and an insufficient focus on monitoring hepatitis B virus reactivation in detail. Future research should prioritize prospective, randomized controlled trials and adopt biomarker-driven approaches to advance the knowledge of the efficacy and safety of PCT. Moreover, extending follow-up periods and fostering global collaboration could enhance treatment outcomes and more effective patient care strategies in managing HBV-HCC.