Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Hepatol. Apr 27, 2026; 18(4): 116689
Published online Apr 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v18.i4.116689
Published online Apr 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v18.i4.116689
Monocyte reprogramming and trained immunity: Linking metabolism to inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Stanislav Kotlyarov, Department of Nurse, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan 390005, Russia
Author contributions: Kotlyarov S contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, validation, resources, data curation, preparation of the original draft, review and editing, supervision, and project administration.
Supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation, No. 25-25-01166.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author reports no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Stanislav Kotlyarov, PhD, Department of Nurse, Ryazan State Medical University, Vysokovoltnaya, 9, Ryazan 390005, Russia. skmr1@yandex.ru
Received: November 18, 2025
Revised: December 9, 2025
Accepted: February 5, 2026
Published online: April 27, 2026
Processing time: 154 Days and 20.9 Hours
Revised: December 9, 2025
Accepted: February 5, 2026
Published online: April 27, 2026
Processing time: 154 Days and 20.9 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a systemic immunometabolic disorder. Chronic exposure to metabolic factors such as lipotoxicity and hyperglycemia induces long-term functional reprogramming of innate immunity, underlying phenomena like priming and trained immunity. The resulting hyperactive pro-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes and macrophages serves as a key mechanism linking obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic liver inflammation, opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention.