Isolation and proteomic profiling of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: Unlocking new frontiers in regenerative and translational medicine

Figure 1 Cultured mesenchymal stem cells (2^nd day and 19^th day). A: 2^nd day (× 100); B: 19^th day (× 100).

Figure 2 Chromatogram of proteomics analysis of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (samples 1-4). A: Sample 1; B: Sample 2; C: Sample 3; D: Sample 4.

Figure 3 Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirming proteins identified in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of four mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles samples. Common proteins among the four samples of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.

Figure 4 Transmission electron microscopy of the extracellular vesicles. Scale bar, 100 nm.

Figure 5  Protein-protein interaction of common proteins using string database.

Figure 6  Network of the 53 shared proteins among the four samples.

Figure 7 Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway of 53 common proteins. A: Cellular component; B: Molecular component; C: Biological component. FDR: False discovery rate.