Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from solid tissue and lipoaspirates: A comparative study of phenotype, growth, and secretome

Figure 1 Population doubling times and morphology of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adipose tissue and liposuction aspirates. A: There was no difference in the population doubling times (PDTs) of primary adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells at passage 2 (P2) originating from solid adipose tissue (AD) and liposuction aspirates, and all cells grew fast with PDTs < 20 hours; B: Similar morphology of mesenchymal stem cells at P0 and P1 from solid AD and liposuction aspirates.

Figure 2 Expression of stemness gene and surface markers of primary adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A: No differences in the expression level of stemness genes, including octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), SRY-box 2 (SOX2), Krüppel-like factor (KLF), and MYC, were observed between primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at passage 2 (P2) isolated from adipose tissue (AD) and liposuction aspirates; B: Marker expression of primary adipose-derived MSCs at P1 and P2.

Figure 3 Similar capacity of colony-forming and multilineage differentiation of primary adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A: Ability to form colony units by human primary adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; B: Capacity of multi-lineage differentiation of adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes by human primary adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; C: Expression of differentiated marker genes before and after differentiation induction, where alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHR), and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) are markers for osteogenesis; SRY-box 9 (SOX9) and COL3A1 are markers for chondrogenesis; and LEPTIN and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) are markers for adipogenesis. ^aP < 0.05. AD: Adipose tissue; CFU: Colony-forming unit.

Figure 4 Karyotype characteristics of primary adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during cultures. A: Normal chromosomes from liposuction-derived mesenchymal stem cells; B: Chromosomes with polymorphisms 1qh+ from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Figure 5 Levels of growth factors and cytokines in the conditioned media of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell cultures at passage 2. There was no significant difference in the expression level of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8 from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) supernatants associated with solid adipose tissue (AD) and liposuction aspirates. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) was only detected in the MSC supernatant related to solid adipose tissue, while fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) was only detected in the MSC supernatant related to liposuction aspirates.