Saffron and Calculus bovis combination exerts anti-hepatic fibrotic effect in liver fibrosis rats via the mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.113496

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Dec 21, 2025 (publication date) through Dec 19, 2025

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2025; 31(47): 113496
Published online Dec 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.113496

Table 1 Polymerase chain reaction primers

Target gene	Forward sequence (5′-3′)	Reverse sequence (5′-3′)
P38 MAPK	GGATATTTGGTCCGTGGGCT	TCATGGCTTGGCATCCTGTTA
ERK	CATGAAGGCCCGAAACTACCT	AGCCACTGGTTCATCTGTCG
JNK	CTCTCCAGCACCCGTACATC	TTGACAGACGGCGAAGAGAC
GAPDH	GGCAAGTTCAACGGCACAG	GCCAGTAGACTCCACGACAT

MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinases; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

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Table 2 The components of saffron and Calculus bovis selected from the database

Medicine	Component	Component ID	Database
Saffron	Quercetin	MOL000098	TCMSP
	Kaempferol	MOL000422
	Isorhamnetin	MOL000354
	Crocetin	MOL001406
	Crocetin	MOL001406	BATMAN-TCM
	Kaempferol	MOL000422
	Picrocrocin	MOL001408
Calculus bovis	Bilirubin	MOL008838	TCMSP
	Methyl desoxycholate	MOL008839
	ZINC01280365	MOL008846
	CLR	MOL000953
	Cherianoine	MOL008843	BATMAN-TCM
	Bilicerdin	MOL008834
	Cholic Acid	MOL009807
	CLR	MOL000953

TCMSP: Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform; BATMAN-TCM: Bioinformatics Annotation Database for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine; CLR: Cholesterin.

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Citation: Sun SN, Wang K, Xu Y, Ye F, Xia WN, Wang ZW, Liu F, He ZX, Chen M, Du QH. Saffron and Calculus bovis combination exerts anti-hepatic fibrotic effect in liver fibrosis rats via the mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(47): 113496
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i47/113496.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i47.113496