Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 14, 2025; 31(34): 108623
Published online Sep 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i34.108623
Published online Sep 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i34.108623
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous thermal and non-thermal ablation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Antonio Giorgio, Department of Liver Unit, Athena Clinical Center, Piedimonte Matese 81016, Caserta, Italy
Emanuela Ciracì, Valeria C Rollo, Ospedale Civile di Ostuni, Medicina Interna, Ostuni 72017, Brindisi, Italy
Massimo De Luca, Department of Liver Unit, AORN Cardarelli, Napoli 80131, Campania, Italy
Giuseppe Stella, Valentina Giorgio, Department of Pediatric and Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
Luca Montesarchio, General Surgery with Minimally Invasive Oncology and High Speciali
Author contributions: De Luca M, Stella G, and Giorgio V contributed to the bibliographical research and wrote the manuscript; Giorgio A conceived the idea, performed the study, and wrote the manuscript; Ciracì E utilized her clinical knowledge and experience to contribute to writing the manuscript and the bibliographical research; Rollo VC and Montesarchio L provided critical feedback and helped define the research, analysis and writing of the manuscript; All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Antonio Giorgio, MD, Professor, Department of Liver Unit, Athena Clinical Center, Via Matese 90, Piedimonte Matese 81016, Caserta, Italy.
Received: April 20, 2025
Revised: June 18, 2025
Accepted: August 18, 2025
Published online: September 14, 2025
Processing time: 139 Days and 16.7 Hours
Revised: June 18, 2025
Accepted: August 18, 2025
Published online: September 14, 2025
Processing time: 139 Days and 16.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary tumor in the liver. Its incidence is increasing in western countries. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous ablation techniques, initially used for the ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma, are now successfully used to treat intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The most common thermal ablation techniques include radiofrequency and microwave ablation. A new non-thermal technique called irreversible electroporation has recently been introduced. This review describes the safety, efficacy, and clinical indications for these ablation techniques.