Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 14, 2025; 31(26): 106509
Published online Jul 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i26.106509
Risk factors and diagnostic biomarkers for asymptomatic immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis in patients with esophageal cancer after immunotherapy
Jing-Yu Liu, Dong-Lai Gao, Xin Cao
Jing-Yu Liu, Dong-Lai Gao, Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
Xin Cao, Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
Author contributions: Liu JY, Gao DL and Cao X designed the experiments, collected and collated the clinical data, performed statistical analysis, and wrote the original manuscript and final manuscript; Gao DL performed postoperative follow-up and recorded the data; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital (No. KY2024126).
Informed consent statement: The Ethics Committee agreed to waive informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xin Cao, MM, Doctor, Department of Radiotherapy, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, No. 3 Employee New Village, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China. cx18835129589@163.com
Received: March 5, 2025
Revised: April 29, 2025
Accepted: June 18, 2025
Published online: July 14, 2025
Processing time: 128 Days and 0.7 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: This study investigates the determinants of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated asymptomatic myocarditis in patients with esophageal cancer. We identified age, gender, and elevated cardiac biomarker levels as significant risk factors for ICI-associated myocarditis. Elevated creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) and CK levels, along with prolonged QRS duration, were early biomarkers for assessing this condition. Integration of these factors into predictive models may enhance early diagnosis and personalized risk management, improving outcomes for patients receiving immunotherapy.