Dynamic biomechanical effect of lower body positive pressure treadmill training for hemiplegic gait rehabilitation after stroke: A case report

Table 1 Scores of clinical assessments before and after intervention and at 4-wk follow-up

	FMA-LE (total score)	BBS (total score)	TUGT (s)
Pre-treatment	18 (34)	39 (56)	34.1
Post-treatment	18 (34)	43 (56)	27.1
Follow-up	18 (34)	45 (56)	27.5

FMA-LE: Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower extremity; BBS: Berg Balance Scale; TUGT: Timed Up and Go Test.

Table 2 Plantar pressure distributions in percentage measured on days 1 (baseline/pretreatment), 4, 7, 11, 14 (posttreatment), and 28 (follow-up) on the affected side and unaffected side

	Toes area		Metatarsal area		Midfoot area		Heel area
	Affected	Unaffected	Affected	Unaffected	Affected	Unaffected	Affected	Unaffected
Day 01	0	6.92	16.93	40.63	6.47	11.43	76.1	40.77
Day 04	0	12.98	25.06	47.62	9.04	9.42	64.48	30.96
Day 07	6.15	7.67	36.55	49.74	3.82	11.76	53.66	32.35
Day 11	7.71	6.75	33.17	50.13	8.15	14.84	51.32	29.02
Day 14	12.9	4.92	30.8	42.43	6.87	9.23	48.59	42.46
Day 28	11.75	5.27	22.02	53.72	15.9	11.71	50.32	28.52

Affected: Affected side; Unaffected: Unaffected side.

Table 3 Gait spatial-temporal parameters and symmetric index before and after intervention and at 4-wk follow-up

	Mean velocity (%height/s)	Cadence (steps/min)	Symmetric index (SI, %)
			SIStride (%height)	SICadence
Pre-treatment	16.95	73.60	125.12	193.31
Post-treatment	18.21	81.20	126.74	193.85
Follow-up	18.39	76.40	122.40	193.69

SI: Symmetric index.

Table 4 Mean root-mean-square values (μv) over the gait cycle computed for the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius lateralis, and gastrocnemius medialis of the affected and unaffected lower limbs before and after intervention and at 4-wk

	TA		GL		GM		Symmetric index (SI, %)
	Affected	Unaffected	Affected	Unaffected	Affected	Unaffected	SITA	SIGL	SIGM
Stance phase
Pre-treatment	9.95	75.78	22.53	72.83	11.96	48.20	153.58	105.49	120.48
Post-treatment	19.46	77.74	25.95	46.85	19.00	41.24	119.92	57.42	73.84
Follow-up	25.54	55.85	23.05	58.38	20.41	43.24	74.48	86.77	71.74
Swing phase
Pre-treatment	8.11	88.40	20.27	52.73	9.93	41.19	166.39	88.93	122.30
Post-treatment	20.73	67.43	22.12	34.60	17.96	27.23	105.94	44.01	41.03
Follow-up	36.38	73.66	21.74	33.18	18.97	30.26	67.76	41.66	45.87

RMS: Root-mean-square; TA: Tibialis anterior; GL: Gastrocnemius lateralis; GM: Gastrocnemius medialis; μv: Microvolt.