Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for midshaft clavicular delayed union: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Literature review and summary of extracorporeal shock wave therapy treatment of clavicle nonunion/delayed union/pseudoarthrosis (to April 6, 2021)

Ref.	Study type	Clavicle cases/total cases	Initial fracture treatment	Device	Energy level	Sessions	Outcome
Moretti et al[29], 2009	Retrospective case series	NM/204	NM	Minilith SL1 (Storz)	0.22-1.10 mJ/mm2	NM	Positive
Carfagni et al[31], 2011	Retrospective case series	3/93	NM	Duolith (Storz), Modulith SLK (Storz)	0.20-0.55 mJ/mm2	4-5	NM
Vulpiani et al[30], 2012	Prospective cohort study	6/143	Conservative treatment and Internal fixation	Modulith SLK (Storz)	0.25-0.84 mJ/mm2	3-5	NM
Alkhawashki[28], 2015	Retrospective case series	1/49	Conservative treatment	OssaTron (HMT)	26 KV	1	Positive
Kertzman et al[7], 2017	Retrospective case series	1/22	Internal fixation	Swiss DolorClast (EMS)	0.18 mJ/ mm2	2	Negative

NM: Not mentioned.