Prognostic nomograms for predicting overall survival and cause-specific survival of signet ring cell carcinoma in colorectal cancer patients

Table 1 Patient characteristics and 1-, 3-, and 5-yr overall survival and cause-specific survival rates

Characteristic	n	%	OS (%)			CSS (%)
			1-yr	3-yr	5-yr	1-yr	3-yr	5-yr
Age (yr)
< 60	436	35.4	78.7	49.9	41.5	78.4	52.3	44.8
≥ 60	794	64.6	72.0	46.9	39.0	74.9	55.6	52.2
Gender
Male	631	51.3	74.4	45.8	39.2	76.3	51.3	46.8
Female	599	48.7	74.3	50.1	40.6	76.0	57.8	52.5
Marital status
Married	683	55.5	78.1	51.8	43.4	79.2	56.2	51.5
Unmarried	547	44.5	69.7	44.4	36.1	72.3	52.3	47.2
Primary site
Left side colon	806	65.5	73.9	49.6	41.2	76.5	57.3	52.9
Right side colon	282	22.9	74.0	46.1	38.7	75.8	51.1	46.0
Rectum	142	11.5	72.4	42.7	34.5	75.0	45.6	38.9
Pathological grade
I-II	93	7.6	76.3	60.2	51.6	80.2	66.8	60.5
III	927	75.4	72.3	49.0	40.4	75.7	55.2	50.7
IV	210	17.1	71.5	36.8	31.4	76.1	44.5	38.8
Tumor size (cm)
< 2	57	4.6	93.0	73.8	63.4	96.4	81.8	75.7
2-4	246	20.0	83.6	54.6	44.4	86.8	59.4	54.0
≥ 4	927	75.4	68.2	44.5	37.1	72.0	51.4	46.7
T stage
T1	55	4.5	80.0	70.1	59.0	81.5	71.4	60.1
T2	77	6.3	92.2	77.2	65.8	94.8	86.7	83.5
T3	607	49.3	80.0	59.7	52.0	84.2	67.4	63.5
T4	491	39.9	59.1	25.7	17.3	62.4	30.3	23.5
N stage
N0	467	38.0	86.3	70.4	61.4	90.3	79.0	75.4
N1	231	18.8	75.1	45.7	36.4	78.6	52.5	46.2
N2	532	43.3	59.1	27.5	19.6	62.4	31.4	24.6
M stage
M0	956	77.	80.6	58.0	48.7	84.8	65.7	60.4
M1	274	22.3	44.1	9.9	6.0	46.0	11.8	8.0
TNM stage
I	95	7.7	91.6	80.9	68.9	93.6	86.1	80.7
II	346	28.1	87.8	71.4	62.7	92.6	81.4	78.0
III	515	41.9	76.1	43.9	33.7	77.8	50.0	42.1
IV	274	22.3	44.1	9.9	6.0	46.0	11.8	8.0
Surgery
Yes	63	5.1	74.6	50.3	41.8	78.2	56.9	51.8
No	1167	94.9	33.3	2.2	2.2	36.9	3.0	3.0

OS: Overall survival; CSS: Cause-specific survival; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of overall survival

Characteristic	HR	95%CI	P value
Age (yr)			0.024
< 60	1
≥ 60	1.199	1.024-1.405
Gender			0.643
Male	1
Female	0.966	0.833-1.119
Marital status			0.004
Married	1
Unmarried	1.239	1.069-1.437
Primary site			0.765
Left side colon	1
Right side colon	1.02	0.853-1.221
Rectum	1.089	0.866-1.369
Pathological grade			0.002
I-II	1
III	1.478	1.083-2.018
IV	1.849	1.307-2.614
Tumor size (cm)			< 0.001
< 2	1
2-4	1.727	1.077-2.769
≥ 4	2.433	1.557-3.802
T stage			< 0.001
T1	1
T2	0.707	0.406-1.231
T3	1.193	0.787-1.808
T4	2.839	1.875-4.300
N stage			< 0.001
N0	1
N1	2.023	1.607-2.546
N2	3.458	2.879-4.154
M stage			< 0.001
M0	1
M1	3.729	3.158-4.403
Surgery			< 0.001
Yes	1
No	0.648	0.591-0.710

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 3 Multivariate Cox regression model analysis of overall survival

Characteristic	HR	95%CI	P value
Age (yr)			< 0.001
< 60	1
≥ 60	1.714	1.457-2.017
Marital status			0.007
Married	1
Unmarried	1.227	1.058-1.422
Pathological grade			0.337
I-II
III
IV
Tumor size (cm)			0.001
< 2	1
2-4	1.326	0.81-2.171
≥ 4	1.786	1.113-2.867
T stage			< 0.001
T1	1
T2	0.739	0.416-1.309
T3	0.881	0.562-1.381
T4	1.347	0.852-2.128
N stage			< 0.001
N0	1
N1	1.599	1.258-2.034
N2	2.767	2.237-3.421
M stage			< 0.001
M0	1
M1	2.092	1.732-2.527
Surgery			< 0.001
Yes	1
No	0.29	0.214-0.393

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 4 Univariate analysis of cause-specific survival

Characteristic	HR	95%CI	P value
Age (yr)			0.399
< 60	1
≥ 60	0.928	0.78-1.104
Gender			0.117
Male	1
Female	0.874	0.738-1.034
Marital status			0.075
Married	1
Unmarried	1.165	0.985-1.380
Primary site			0.043
Left side colon	1
Right side colon	0.743	0.581-0.951
Rectum	0.858	0.649-1.134
Pathological grade			0.005
I-II	1
III	1.45	1.012-2.079
IV	1.872	1.259-2.783
Tumor size (cm)			< 0.001
< 2	1
2-4	2.593	1.352-4.975
≥ 4	3.651	1.95-6.835
T stage			< 0.001
T1	1
T2	0.366	0.174-0.769
T3	0.993	0.62-1.59
T4	2.807	1.764-4.467
N stage			< 0.001
N0	1
N1	2.704	2.052-3.563
N2	4.957	3.958-6.209
M stage			< 0.001
M0	1
M1	4.534	3.789-5.425
Surgery			< 0.001
Yes	1
No	0.631	0.573-0.696

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 5 Multivariate Cox regression model analysis of cause-specific survival

Characteristic	HR	95%CI	P value
Primary site			0.112
Left side colon
Right side colon
Rectum
Pathological grade			0.382
I-II
III
IV
Tumor size (cm)			0.001
< 2	1
2-4	1.938	0.984-3.816
≥ 4	2.509	1.297-4.855
T stage			< 0.001
T1	1
T2	0.362	0.169-0.774
T3	0.612	0.366-1.023
T4	0.968	0.576-1.626
N stage			< 0.001
N0	1
N1	1.968	1.475-2.624
N2	3.411	2.642-4.406
M stage			<0.001
M0	1
M1	2.198	1.796-2.689
Surgery			< 0.001
Yes	1
No	0.3	0.217-0.414

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.