Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in obstructive hydrocephalus: A case report and analysis of operative technique

Table 1 Various causes for hydrocephalus formation, classified by their underlying mechanism

Communicating hydrocephalus
Impaired absorption
Posthaemorrhagic
Postinfectious
Prematurity-related
Congenital CNS malformations
Venous congestion/thrombosis
Increased secretion:
Choroid plexus papilloma/carcinoma
Obstructive component with mainly communicating hydrocephalus
Tumour
Meningitis/encephalitis resulting in secondary obstruction
Chiari 2
Dandy Walker
Encephalocele
Obstructive hydrocephalus
Tumour
Intracranial cyst
Aqueductal occlusion (primary due to stenosis or secondary due to tumour)
Atresia of Monro
Obstruction of 4th ventricle outlets

Table 2 The success rate of endoscopic third ventriculostomy according to the pathology and age of patients

Age	< 1 mo	0%
	1-6 mo	10%
	6 mo-1 yr	30%
	1-10 yr	40%
	> 10 yr	50%
Etiology	Post-infectious	0%
	Myelomeningocele, post IVH, non-tectal brain tumour	20%
	Aqueductal stenosis, tectal tumour, other	30%
Shunt history	Previous shunt	0%
	No previous shunt	10%

IVH: Intraventricular hemorrhage.