Causal associations between intermediate very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-total lipids ratio and peptic ulcer: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Table 1 Mendelian randomization estimates from different methods of assessing the causal effect between the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium very-low-density lipoprotein and peptic ulcer

Exposure	Outcome	Method	Nsnp	OR (95%CI)	P value
Ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL	Peptic ulcer	IVW	72	2.557 (1.274-5.132)	0.008
		WM	72	2.106 (0.709-6.252)	0.179
		MR Egger	72	6.394 (1.958-20.878)	0.003

IVW: Inverse variance weighted; MR Egger: Mendelian randomization Egger; Nsnp: Number of single nucleotide polymorphism; VLDL: Very-low-density lipoprotein; WM: Weighted median.

Table 2 Heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests of the Mendelian randomization analysis

Exposure/Outcome	Heterogeneity test			Multi-efficiency test
	MR Egger, IV			MR Egger
	Q	P value	Q	P value	Intercept	P value
Ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL/peptic ulcer	59.919	0.687	63.448	0.6	-0.061	0.064

IV: Instrumental variable; MR Egger: Mendelian randomization Egger; VLDL: Very-low-density lipoprotein.