Long-term outcomes of high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: An observational study

Table 1 Baseline clinical features

Features	Cases (n = 61)
Age (yr)	74 (64-79)
Male, n (%)	45 (73.8)
BMI (kg/m2)	25.0 ± 3.4
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	30 (49.2)
Hypertension, n (%)	40 (65.6)
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	8 (13.1)
Current smoking, n (%)	20 (32.8)
Previous MI, n (%)	20 (32.8)
Previous PCI, n (%)	9 (14.8)
Previous CABG, n (%)	11 (18.0)
Previous stroke, n (%)	16 (26.2)
COPD, n (%)	3 (4.9)
CRF, n (%)	30 (49.2)
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)	3 (4.9)
LVEF	42 (32-49)
LVEF ≤ 35%, n (%)	20 (32.8)
Clinical presentation STEMI, n (%)	18 (29.5)
NSTEMI, n (%)	11 (18.0)
UA, n (%)	32 (52.5)
1SYNTAX score	43.2 ± 10.0
EuroSCORE	12 (10-15)
GRACE score	163 (145-195)

¹SYNTAX score was only calculated in patients without prior CABG, n = 50.

BMI: Body mass index; MI: Myocardial infarction; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: Coronary artery bypass graft; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRF: Chronic renal failure; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; UA: Unstable angina.

Table 2 Procedural characteristics

Characteristics	Patients (n = 61)
IABP, n (%)	25 (41.0)
Successful PCI, n (%)	57 (93.4)
Number of DESs	2 (1-3)
Duration of VA-ECMO (h)	1.6 (1.2-2.4)
Dosage of contrast (mL)	120 (95-161)
Residual SYNTAX score	18.9 ± 13.1
Intraoperative hypotension, n (%)	15 (24.6)

IABP: Intra-aortic balloon pump; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; DESs: Drug-eluting stents; VA-ECMO: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Table 3 Clinical outcomes, n (%)

Characteristics	Patients (n = 61)
In-hospital mortality	14 (23.0)
Cardiac shock	10 (16.4)
Septic shock	3 (4.9)
Early stent thrombosis	1 (1.6)
Postoperative cerebral infarction	4 (6.6)
One-year mortality	19 (31.1)
Overall mortality	33 (54.1)
Cardiac death	18 (29.5)
Sepsis	7 (11.5)
Hemorrhage	1 (1.6)
Malignant tumor	3 (4.9)
Fracture	2 (3.4)
End-stage renal disease	1 (1.6)
Aplastic anemia	1 (1.6)