Selection of internal fixation method for femoral intertrochanteric fractures using a finite element method

Figure 1 Geometric model of the femur.

Figure 2 Medial injury models in the 3D-model. A: Medial defect model; B: Lateral defect model; C: Lateral and medial defect model.

Figure 3 Fixation models in the 3D model. A: Proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail (PFNA) representing intramedullary fixation model 1; B: Interlocking intramedullary nails model 2; C: PFNA and steel wire model 3; D: PFNA and interlocking plate model 4; E: PFNA with wire and plate model 5.

Figure 4 Stress distribution and displacement distribution under different loading modes when lateral and medial defects were fixed with proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail. A: Von Mises stress distribution map when lateral and medial defects were fixed with proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail (PFNA); B: Displacement distribution when lateral and medial defects were fixed with PFNA.

Figure 5 Stress distribution and displacement distribution under different loading modes when lateral and medial defects were fixed with integrated dual-screw fixation. A: Von Mises stress distribution map when lateral and medial defects were fixed with Integrated dual-screw fixation (ITN); B: Displacement distribution when lateral and medial defects were fixed with ITN.

Figure 6 Stress distribution and displacement distribution under different loading modes when lateral and medial defects were fixed with proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail steel wire and lateral wall protection plate. A: Von Mises stress distribution map when lateral and medial defects were fixed with proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail (PFNA), steel wire, and lateral wall protection plate; B: Displacement distribution when lateral and medial defects were fixed with PFNA, steel wire, and lateral wall protection plate.