Ocular health in outer space and beyond gravity: A minireview

Figure 1 Pathophysiology of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome.

Figure 2 Fundus photograph demonstrating optic disc edema. A hallmark feature of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome, attributed to cephalad fluid redistribution, venous congestion, and altered peri-optic cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in microgravity.

Figure 3 Slit-lamp photograph showing posterior subcapsular cataract, representing long-term radiation-associated lenticular changes observed in astronauts during or after prolonged space missions.