Kaposi sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus infection, clinicopathologic correlation with coexisting patch and plaque stage features: A case report and review of literature

Figure 1 Multiple well-defined violaceous papules and plaques present in the case.

Figure 2 Histopathological examination. A: Histopathologic findings. Hyperkeratosis, epidermal atrophy, elongation of rete ridges, and prominent dermal proliferation of irregular vascular spaces were present. Original magnification × 4, scale bar = 500 μm; B: Papillary dermis findings indicated patch stage. Newly formed vascular spaces lined by flattened endothelial cells, entrapping pre-existing blood vessels, were consistent with the patch stage. Hematoxylin and eosin original magnification 10 ×, scale bar = 200 μm; C: Lower reticular dermis findings indicated plaque stage. Slit-like vascular channels dissecting collagen bundles, with perivascular spindle-shaped cells, plasma cell-rich inflammatory infiltrates, and extravasated erythrocytes, were consistent with the plaque stage. Left image original magnification 20 ×, scale bar = 100 μm. Right image original magnification 40 ×, scale bar = 50 μm; D: Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma. Human herpesvirus 8 latent nuclear antigen-1 staining showed strong nuclear positivity. Original magnification 20 ×, scale bar = 100 μm.