Outcomes of seromuscular bladder augmentation compared with standard bladder augmentation in the treatment of children with neurogenic bladder

Figure 1 Intraoperative photos. A: The whole layer intestinal patch was sutured with the bladder edge in the standard cystoplasty procedure; B: The double-layer intestine seromuscular patch was sutured with the bladder incisal edge in the seromuscular bladder augmentation procedure.

Figure 2 Cystography before and after augmentation. A-D: the preoperative and postoperative cystography of standard cystoplasty and seromuscular bladder augmentation, respectively.

Figure 3 The preoperative and postoperative bladder volumes in the two groups were compared. The postoperative bladder volume of the two groups was significantly enlarged compared with the preoperative volume. ^aP < 0.0001. SC: Standard cystoplasty; SMBA: Seromuscular bladder augmentation.

Figure 4 Reaugmentation in children with failed seromuscular bladder augmentation. A: The neurogenic bladder before surgery; B: Patch contracture after seromuscular bladder augmentation: C: Reaugmentation with standard cystoplasty.