Double tracheal stents reduce side effects of progression of malignant tracheoesophageal fistula treated with immunotherapy: A case report

Figure 1 Tracheoesophageal fistula and narrowing of the main bronchus. A: Bronchoscopy image; B: Computed tomography image.

Figure 2 Fistula completely enclosed by a Y-shaped and modified straight silicone stent placed in the main trachea. A, B: Bronchoscopy image showing (A) the upper edge of Y-shaped silicone stent incarcerated the airway wall and (B) a Y-shaped silicone stent and a straight silicone stent placed after mechanical debulking of the tumor; C: Computed tomography image of B.

Figure 3 Original malignant tracheoesophageal fistula following rapid progression after the fourth dose of toripalimab. A: Bronchoscopy image; B: Computed tomography image showing the fistula having progressed.

Figure 4 Computer tomography image showing the tracheoesophageal fistula after 4 mo of immunotherapy. A: The progressed fistula after 4 mo of immunotherapy; B: A different slice image.