Diet and microbiome in the beginning of the sequence of gut inflammation

Core Tip

Core Tip: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of IBD is rising in western and newly industrialized countries, paralleling the increase of westernized dietary patterns. Microbiome is changing in western societies and can influence the activation of immune cells promoting inflammation. Change in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome seems to be a nuclear pathogenic factor. An excessive and unhealthy consumption of sugar, animal fat and a low vegetables and fiber diet are risk factor for IBD appearance. This role of food and a reduced gut microbial diversity in cause of IBD might have also a prophylactic or therapeutic role for IBD. Dietary modulation and appropriate exclusion diets might be a new complementary management for treatment at disease flares and in refractory patients.