Revisiting chronic musculoskeletal pain as a biopsychosocial disorder

doi:10.12998/wjcc.122856

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Cases. Aug 26, 2026; 14(24): 122856
Published online Aug 26, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.122856

Revisiting chronic musculoskeletal pain as a biopsychosocial disorder

Duygu Kirkik, Vahibe Aydin Sarikaya

Duygu Kirkik, Department of Immunology, Hamidiye Medicine Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye

Vahibe Aydin Sarikaya, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye

Author contributions: Kirkik D designed the overall concept and outline of the manuscript; Kirkik D and Aydin Sarikaya V contributed to the discussion and design of the manuscript; and all authors contributed to the writing, editing the manuscript, review of literature, and approved the final version to publish.

AI contribution statement: Generative AI was used to assist with language editing and organization during revision. All scientific interpretations, arguments, citations, and conclusions were critically reviewed and approved by the authors, who take full responsibility for the final manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Corresponding author: Duygu Kirkik, Associate Professor, Department of Immunology, Hamidiye Medicine Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Mekteb-i Tıbbiyye-i Sahane (Haydarpasa) Kulliyesi Selimiye Mah Tıbbiye Cad No. 38, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye. dygkirkik@gmail.com

Received: April 30, 2026
Revised: July 15, 2026
Accepted: August 5, 2026
Published online: August 26, 2026
Processing time: 111 Days and 18.7 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: A complicated biopsychosocial illness, chronic musculoskeletal pain is influenced by social determinants of health, coping mechanisms, psychiatric comorbidities, and central sensitization. In order to improve quality of life, evidence from Hamed et al emphasizes the necessity of integrated, interdisciplinary approaches that treat both psychological and physical aspects.