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World J Clin Cases. Aug 6, 2026; 14(22): 123160
Published online Aug 6, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.123160
Published online Aug 6, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.123160
Salivary thioredoxin-1 as a non-invasive redox biomarker in oral diseases
Sivan Sathish, Haritma Nigam, Upender Malik, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad 244001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ankita Jain, Vikas Singh, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad 244001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Author contributions: Sathish S conceptualized and designed the review, developed the overall framework, conducted the literature search, coordinated manuscript writing, and prepared the figures and tables; Jain A and Singh V contributed to literature evaluation and assisted in manuscript drafting; Nigam H and Malik U contributed to clinical interpretation and provided critical clinical insights to the manuscript.
AI contribution statement: No AI tool was involved in any part of the manuscript including generation of research data, interpretation of results, or formulation of conclusions.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Corresponding author: Sivan Sathish, Head, Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Delhi Road, Moradabad 244001, Uttar Pradesh, India. drsivan.dental@tmu.ac.in
Received: May 11, 2026
Revised: June 22, 2026
Accepted: June 30, 2026
Published online: August 6, 2026
Processing time: 85 Days and 22.6 Hours
Revised: June 22, 2026
Accepted: June 30, 2026
Published online: August 6, 2026
Processing time: 85 Days and 22.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Redox imbalance is an important mechanism in the etiopathogenesis of various diseases, including periodontal diseases, oral potentially malignant disorders, and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), which acts as a redox regulator, plays a crucial role in the body’s antioxidative protection, inflammation, apoptosis processes and tumor growth. The detection of Trx-1 in saliva may serve as a promising non-invasive method for early diagnostics and prognosis in the diseases of the oral cavity.