Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Clin Cases. Jul 16, 2026; 14(20): 121605
Published online Jul 16, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.121605
Published online Jul 16, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.121605
Virtual reality-enabled precision in percutaneous nephrolithotomy - strategic access planning in a malrotated kidney: A case report
Sushmitha Kothapalli, Thalapathiraja Sriskandaraja, Velmurugan Palaniyandi, Hariharasudhan Sekar, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sri Rama
Author contributions: Kothapalli S contributed to conceptualization, data collection, literature review, manuscript drafting, and preparation of figures; Sriskandaraja T contributed to clinical data acquisition, manuscript editing, and literature review; Palaniyandi V contributed to operative management and critical revision of the manuscript; Sekar H contributed to image acquisition, data interpretation, and manuscript review; Krishnamoorthy S contributed to study supervision, surgical planning, critical revision of the manuscript, and correspondence responsibilities; and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: Artificial intelligence-assisted language tools were used for language refinement, grammatical editing, and manuscript structuring during preparation of this article. All scientific content, clinical interpretation, figure preparation, and final manuscript approval were independently reviewed and verified by the authors.
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Corresponding author: Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Professor, Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India. sriramuro@gmail.com
Received: March 30, 2026
Revised: May 31, 2026
Accepted: June 15, 2026
Published online: July 16, 2026
Processing time: 103 Days and 14.4 Hours
Revised: May 31, 2026
Accepted: June 15, 2026
Published online: July 16, 2026
Processing time: 103 Days and 14.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Immersive virtual reality reconstruction from computed tomography DICOM data may assist with preoperative access planning during percutaneous nephrolithotomy in anatomically complex kidneys by improving appreciation of calyceal orientation and access trajectory.