©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Mar 16, 2023; 11(8): 1741-1752
Published online Mar 16, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i8.1741
Published online Mar 16, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i8.1741
Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment progress of achalasia of cardia
Ming-Yue Li, Qing-Hua Wang, Run-Peng Chen, Xiao-Fang Su, Dong-Yang Wang, School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
Dong-Yang Wang, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Author contributions: Li MY and Wang QH contribute equally to this work; Li MY, Wang QY, and Wang DY performed the majority of the writing, prepared the figures and tables; Chen RP performed data accusation and writing; Su XF provided the input in writing the paper; Wang QH and Wang DY designed the outline and coordinated the writing of the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declared that no conflict of interest.
Corresponding author: Dong-Yang Wang, PhD, RN, Lecturer, Nurse, Researcher, School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China. wangdongyang1994@gmail.com
Received: January 11, 2023
Peer-review started: January 11, 2023
First decision: February 2, 2023
Revised: February 6, 2023
Accepted: February 21, 2023
Article in press: February 21, 2023
Published online: March 16, 2023
Processing time: 54 Days and 20.6 Hours
Peer-review started: January 11, 2023
First decision: February 2, 2023
Revised: February 6, 2023
Accepted: February 21, 2023
Article in press: February 21, 2023
Published online: March 16, 2023
Processing time: 54 Days and 20.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Achalasia is a relatively rare primary motility esophageal disorder characterized by loss of function of the plexus ganglion cells of the distal esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter. Histological changes in the esophageal mucosa are considered pathogenic; however, studies have found that inflammation and genetic changes at the molecular level may also cause achalasia cardia, resulting in dysphagia, reflux, aspiration, retrosternal pain, and weight loss. This review article aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review and present current knowledge about achalasia.