Minireviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Mar 26, 2022; 10(9): 2687-2699
Published online Mar 26, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2687
Animal models applied to acute-on-chronic liver failure: Are new models required to understand the human condition?
Jaciara Fernanda Gomes Gama, Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso, Jussara Machado Lagrota-Candido, Luiz Anastacio Alves
Jaciara Fernanda Gomes Gama, Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso, Luiz Anastacio Alves, Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Jussara Machado Lagrota-Candido, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24210-200, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Author contributions: Gama JFG general bibliographic review on the subject and main writing of the article; Cardoso LMDF manuscript preparation and final correction; Lagrota-Cândido JM critical revisions and final approval of the version; Alves LA proposal idealization and final approval of the version of the article for publication.
Supported by FIOCRUZ and FAPERJ Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro - "Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro", No. E-26/010.002422/2019.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Luiz Anastacio Alves, MD, PhD, Academic Research, Professor, Research Scientist, Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brazil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. alveslaa@gmail.com
Received: October 14, 2021
Peer-review started: October 14, 2021
First decision: December 12, 2021
Revised: December 20, 2021
Accepted: February 12, 2022
Article in press: February 12, 2022
Published online: March 26, 2022
Processing time: 159 Days and 3 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: The liver is a multifaceted organ; its location and detoxifying function expose it to countless injuries. Acute-on-chronic failure liver (ACLF) is a severe syndrome that affects the liver due to acute decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease. Animal models become a very useful tool in this regard. However, although they display several similarities to the human condition, they do not represent all manifestations, resulting in significant challenges. A quick PubMed database search indicates about 30 studies concerning ACLF models. These findings demonstrate the need to establish easily reproducible models to elucidate questions about this quickly established and often fatal syndrome.