Copyright
©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Feb 6, 2022; 10(4): 1140-1163
Published online Feb 6, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i4.1140
Published online Feb 6, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i4.1140
COVID-19: Gastrointestinal manifestations, liver injury and recommendations
Zulal Ozkurt, Department of Infectious Disease, Atatürk University, School of Medicine, Erzurum 25100, Turkey
Esra Çınar Tanrıverdi, Department of Medical Education, Atatürk University, School of Medicine, Erzurum 25100, Turkey
Author contributions: Ozkurt Z designed the report; Çınar Tanrıverdi E collected the literature; Ozkurt Z and Çınar Tanrıverdi E analyzed the data and wrote the paper; Çınar Tanıverdi E designed references, endnote, tables, and figure.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Esra Çınar Tanrıverdi, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Education, Atatürk University, School of Medicine, Palandöken, Erzurum 25100, Turkey. cinart.esra@gmail.com
Received: May 14, 2021
Peer-review started: May 14, 2021
First decision: June 2, 2021
Revised: June 28, 2021
Accepted: December 23, 2021
Article in press: December 23, 2021
Published online: February 6, 2022
Processing time: 254 Days and 21.5 Hours
Peer-review started: May 14, 2021
First decision: June 2, 2021
Revised: June 28, 2021
Accepted: December 23, 2021
Article in press: December 23, 2021
Published online: February 6, 2022
Processing time: 254 Days and 21.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic viral infection. The virus binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, therefore all tissues and systems are affected by the infection. This review highlighted pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory features of gastrointestinal manifestations and liver injury. Change of gut microbiota was also discussed in this study. Furthermore, risk situations, treatment, and the follow-up of chronic liver diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and digestive system cancers during the pandemic period with recommendations were discussed.