Opinion Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Jul 6, 2021; 9(19): 4881-4889
Published online Jul 6, 2021. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4881
Fear of missing out: A brief overview of origin, theoretical underpinnings and relationship with mental health
Mayank Gupta, Aditya Sharma
Mayank Gupta, Clarion Psychiatric Center and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clarion, PA 16214, United States
Aditya Sharma, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
Author contributions: All authors contributed to this work.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Aditya Sharma, Academic Research, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States. aas142@pitt.edu
Received: February 6, 2021
Peer-review started: February 6, 2021
First decision: February 28, 2021
Revised: March 9, 2021
Accepted: May 19, 2021
Article in press: May 19, 2021
Published online: July 6, 2021
Processing time: 137 Days and 14.1 Hours
Abstract

Fear of missing out (FoMO) is a unique term introduced in 2004 to describe a phenomenon observed on social networking sites. FoMO includes two processes; firstly, perception of missing out, followed up with a compulsive behavior to maintain these social connections. We are interested in understanding the complex construct of FoMO and its relations to the need to belong and form stable interpersonal relationships. It is associated with a range of negative life experiences and feelings, due to it being considered a problematic attachment to social media. We have provided a general review of the literature and have summarized the findings in relation to mental health, social functioning, sleep, academic performance and productivity, neuro-developmental disorders, and physical well-being. We have also discussed the treatment options available for FoMo based on cognitive behavior therapy. It imperative that new findings on FoMO are communicated to the clinical community as it has diagnostic implications and could be a confounding variable in those who do not respond to treatment as usual.

Keywords: Fear of missing out; Mental health; Physical well-being; Academic performance; Fear of missing out-reduction; Problematic social media

Core Tip: Fear of missing out is a relatively new construct that needs the attention of the clinical community due to its diagnostic implications in treatment processes. It is associated to problematic social media usage and can be experienced as a range of negative emotions and feelings related to the need to belong.