Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Nov 26, 2019; 7(22): 3821-3831
Published online Nov 26, 2019. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i22.3821
Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis accompanied by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: A case report and literature review
Ke-Jia Cheng, Min-Li Zhou, Yong-Cai Liu, Shui-Hong Zhou
Ke-Jia Cheng, Min-Li Zhou, Yong-Cai Liu, Shui-Hong Zhou, Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
Author contributions: Zhou SH was responsible for writing the article; Liu YC and Zhou ML were responsible for reviewing the literature; Xu YY was responsible for collecting the information of the current case.
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Shui-Hong Zhou, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China. 1190051@zju.edu.cn
Telephone: +86-571-87236895
Received: July 31, 2019
Peer-review started: July 31, 2019
First decision: September 9, 2019
Revised: September 30, 2019
Accepted: October 5, 2019
Article in press: October 5, 2019
Published online: November 26, 2019
Processing time: 117 Days and 18 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Concomitant allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) are extremely rare, with no more than 20 cases reported in the English literature.

CASE SUMMARY

A 52-year-old female patient complained of right-sided nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, epistaxis, and hyposmia for a period of around 5 mo. Nasal examination detected paleness and edema of the nasal mucous membrane and a polyp in the right middle meatus. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the sinuses revealed a ground-glass opacity filling the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, along with bone absorption in the medial wall of the right maxillary sinus. Magnetic resonance images were obtained with T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequences. A well-defined mass, located in the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses and displaying obvious hypointense features, was observed on both T1- and T2-weighted images, with peripheral enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. The patient also has a 20-year history of cough and dyspnea. Chest CT revealed columned and cystiform bronchiectasis in the bilateral bronchus, surrounded by a large number of spotted and funicular high-density lesions. The level of serum total IgE was > 5000 kU/L. Serum IgE levels related to house dust and aspergillus showed a positive result, with the values being 3.5 kU/L and 1.2 kU/L. We performed functional endoscopic sinus surgery under local anesthesia. After surgery, topical glucocorticoids and saline irrigation were applied in the nasal cavity until the present time. An oral glucocorticoid (methylprednisolone 16 mg/d) and antifungal agent (itraconazole 200 mg/d) were also used for a period of 4 wk. Montelukast was prescribed at 10 mg/d until the present time. An endoscopic examination showed that the patient was recovering well at 3 mo after surgery.

CONCLUSION

Since different specialists treat ABPA and AFRS, their coexistence may be overlooked. AFRS accompanied by ABPA requires surgical therapy combined with medical control to improve the symptoms.

Keywords: Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis; Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Clinical characteristics; Treatment; Surgery

Core tip: Concomitant allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) are extremely rare. We describe the clinical presentation and treatment in one patient with AFRS accompanied by ABPA and review the English literature from 1970 to 2016. The most common pulmonary symptom was dyspnea. Twelve patients underwent surgery on the sinuses, all patients received oral glucocorticoids for at least 2 wk, and 11 patients received topical glucocorticoids. All patients achieved a good prognosis. Since different specialists treat ABPA and AFRS, their coexistence may be overlooked. AFRS accompanied by ABPA requires surgical therapy combined with medical control to improve the symptoms.