Published online Jan 16, 2016. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v4.i1.5
Peer-review started: April 30, 2015
First decision: July 10, 2015
Revised: October 3, 2015
Accepted: November 3, 2015
Article in press: November 4, 2015
Published online: January 16, 2016
Processing time: 259 Days and 17.1 Hours
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important major cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancies such as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma worldwide. H. pylori treatment still remains a challenge, since many determinants for successful therapy are involved such as individual primary or secondary antibiotics resistance, mucosal drug concentration, patient compliance, side-effect profile and cost. While no new drug has been developed, current therapy still relies on different mixture of known antibiotics and anti-secretory agents. A standard triple therapy consisting of two antibiotics and a proton-pump inhibitor proposed as the first-line regimen. Bismuth-containing quadruple treatment, sequential treatment or a non-bismuth quadruple treatment (concomitant) are also an alternative therapy. Levofloxacin containing triple treatment are recommended as rescue treatment for infection of H. pylori after defeat of first-line therapy. The rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance reduces the effectiveness of any regimens involving these remedies. Therefore, adding probiotic to the medications, developing anti-H. pylori photodynamic or phytomedicine therapy, and achieving a successful H. pylori vaccine may have the promising to present synergistic or additive consequence against H. pylori, because each of them exert different effects.
Core tip: This article aimed to provides a review of current therapeutic options and the efficacy of some recent regiments. Also, essential need to new therapeutic agents such as probiotics, phytomedicine, photodynamic therapy and protective vaccine are described.