Romeo J, Surani S, Parsi S, Ratnani I, Kashyap R. Twenty-first century innovations in neuroradiology treatments. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(20): 121727 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.121727]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Salim Surani, MD, FACP, FCCP, Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Houston, 4302 University Drive, Houston, TX 77004, United States. srsurani@hotmail.com
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Medicine, General & Internal
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review-article
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Romeo J, Surani S, Parsi S, Ratnani I, Kashyap R. Twenty-first century innovations in neuroradiology treatments. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(20): 121727 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.121727]
World J Clin Cases. Jul 16, 2026; 14(20): 121727 Published online Jul 16, 2026. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.121727
Twenty-first century innovations in neuroradiology treatments
Jennifer Romeo, Salim Surani, Saketh Parsi, Iqbal Ratnani, Rahul Kashyap
Jennifer Romeo, Rahul Kashyap, Department of Internal Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States
Salim Surani, Department of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
Salim Surani, Rahul Kashyap, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
Saketh Parsi, Department of Internal Medicine, Ascension Seton Medical Center, Austin, TX 78705, United States
Iqbal Ratnani, Department of Anesthesiology, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, United States
Rahul Kashyap, Research, WellSpan Health, Philadelphia, PA 17403, United States
Author contributions: Kashyap R and Surani S designed the research study; Ratnani I, Romeo J and Parsi S performed the research, analyzed the data; Romeo J wrote the manuscript; all authors contributed to revision of the manuscript and approved the final version.
AI contribution statement: During the preparation of this work, the author used OpenAI's latest version of ChatGPT, powered by GPT-5, to polish the language and edit for grammar and punctuation. After using this tool/service, the author reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article. The figure was generated using ChatGPT (OpenAI) based on author-provided inputs.
Conflict-of-interest statement: None of the authors has any conflict of interest to disclose.
Corresponding author: Salim Surani, MD, FACP, FCCP, Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Houston, 4302 University Drive, Houston, TX 77004, United States. srsurani@hotmail.com
Received: March 31, 2026 Revised: May 9, 2026 Accepted: June 8, 2026 Published online: July 16, 2026 Processing time: 100 Days and 16.9 Hours
Abstract
Rapid technological progress in the 21st century has transformed neuroradiology from primarily a diagnostic tool into a vital component of modern neuroscience. This narrative review summarizes innovations driving a paradigm shift in neurological and neurosurgical patient care. These advancements have introduced novel techniques and redefined models to improve short and long-term outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) has significant implications in stroke triage, brain tumor segmentation, and treatment planning. Wearable AI-enabled devices detect abnormal changes in movement and speech, prompting patients to seek care within the therapeutic window for reperfusion therapy. AI models can also identify tumors undetectable to the naked eye and provide precise lesion margins, reducing over- and underestimation during surgical planning. Image-guided minimally invasive procedures reduce reliance on open surgery while increasing precision, minimizing perioperative risk, shortening hospital stays, and improving outcomes. Refinements in stent and catheter technology enhance procedural safety and efficiency. Advanced imaging enables targeting of surgically inaccessible lesions and preservation of surrounding tissue. Innovations in neuroradiology address disparities in healthcare access in underserved regions and expand options for patient ineligible for open surgery. Continued advancements will optimize interventions, enhancing patient care. This review will help non-specialists in Neurology and Neuroradiology gain an overview of these innovations.
Core Tip: There have been considerable advancements in neuroradiological treatments over recent decades, particularly in the 21st century. This review aims to comprehensively examine the evolution of neuroradiology across multiple domains, including cerebrovascular accidents, intracranial endovascular techniques, brain tumors, spine interventions, and image-guided therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. Attention is particularly given to evolving innovations, such as artificial intelligence-driven diagnostics, minimally invasive endovascular and spine interventions, and gene and cellular therapies. Moreover, this review evaluates the impact of these developments on patient outcomes, including improved prognosis, reduced hospital length of stay, and enhanced quality of life.
