Periodontitis and chronic kidney disease: A bidirectional relationship based on inflammation and oxidative stress

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic periodontitis (CP) are prevalent conditions which significantly impact public health worldwide. Both diseases share inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms, an indication of a likely bidirectional relationship. This editorial explored the association between CKD and CP by highlighting common inflammatory mechanisms and recent research findings that address this interrelationship. Through reviews of recent studies, we discussed how periodontal bacteria may activate systemic immune responses that affect both periodontal and renal tissues. Additionally, meta-analysis data indicated an increased risk of CKD development in patients with CP, and vice versa. The results suggest the need for more rigorous research in the future in order to address the confounding factors and evaluate specific periodontal health interventions and their direct effects on kidney function. We emphasized the importance of comprehensive and multidisciplinary care for the improvement of the overall health of patients affected by CP and CKD.

Keywords: Periodontitis; Chronic kidney disease; Periodontal disease; Oxidative stress; Inflammation

Core Tip: In this editorial, we reviewed the recent meta-analysis by Yang et al, which investigated the association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The analysis showed that CP patients have increased risk of CKD, and vice versa. This review also incorporated findings from other significant studies that support this link. We highlighted the need for more consistent definitions, rigorous adjustment for confounding factors, and well-designed prospective studies to ascertain the causal relationship between CP and CKD. This ongoing investigation is crucial for enhancing the management of periodontal health of CKD patients and for improving overall patient outcomes.