Adult rhabdomyosarcoma combined with acute myeloid leukemia: A case report

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i3.582

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Case Report

World J Clin Cases. Jan 26, 2024; 12(3): 582-586
Published online Jan 26, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i3.582

Adult rhabdomyosarcoma combined with acute myeloid leukemia: A case report

Lu Zheng, Fen-Juan Zhang

Lu Zheng, Fen-Juan Zhang, Department of Hematology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China

Author contributions: Zheng L designed the report and wrote the paper; Zhang FJ revised the paper; all the authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript.

Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

CARE Checklist (2016) statement: The authors have read the CARE Checklist (2016), and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CARE Checklist (2016).

Corresponding author: Fen-Juan Zhang, MD, Nurse, Department of Hematology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, No. 289 Kuocang Road, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China. zhangfenjuan84@163.com

Received: September 19, 2023
Peer-review started: September 19, 2023
First decision: December 5, 2023
Revised: December 17, 2023
Accepted: January 4, 2024
Article in press: January 4, 2024
Published online: January 26, 2024
Processing time: 118 Days and 19 Hours

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a tumor of mesenchymal origin. Secondary leukemia is a complication of previous transformation to other hematologic disorders or is a treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia secondary to cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy for other malignancies.

CASE SUMMARY

We present the case of a 36-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma and acute myeloid leukemia. Further disease progression was observed after multiline chemotherapy. Eventually, the patient suffered cerebral hemorrhage, which resulted in death.

CONCLUSION

The incidence of rhabdomyosarcoma in adults is extremely low, and secondary leukemia caused by rhabdomyosarcoma is even rarer. Secondary leukemia has a very poor prognosis and a low overall survival rate.

Keywords: Rhabdomyosarcoma; Secondary acute myeloid leukocytes; Chemotherapeutics; Secondary leukemia; Case report

Core Tip: This article reports on a patient with rhabdomyosarcoma who developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M5a) after 11 chemotherapy sessions. Eventually, the patient suffered cerebral hemorrhage, which resulted in death. The incidence of rhabdomyosarcoma in adults is extremely low, and secondary leukemia caused by rhabdomyosarcoma is even rarer. Secondary leukemia has a very poor prognosis and a low overall survival rate.