Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Cases. Sep 16, 2024; 12(26): 5901-5907
Published online Sep 16, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i26.5901
Influence of perinatal factors on full-term low-birth-weight infants and construction of a predictive model
Liang Xu, Xue-Juan Sheng, Lian-Ping Gu, Zu-Ming Yang, Zong-Tai Feng, Dan-Feng Gu, Li Gao
Liang Xu, Li Gao, Department of Neonatology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China
Xue-Juan Sheng, Lian-Ping Gu, Department of Obstetrics, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China
Zu-Ming Yang, Zong-Tai Feng, Dan-Feng Gu, Department of Neonatology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
Author contributions: Xu L and Sheng XJ designed the study and wrote the manuscript; Xu L designed the study and provided clinical data; Xu L, Sheng XJ, Gu LP, Yang ZM, Feng ZT, Gu DF, and Gao L contributed to the data analysis; Xu L and Sheng XJ reviewed the research; all authors approved this research.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital.
Informed consent statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital approved the exemption for informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: The data used in this study can be obtained from the corresponding author upon request.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xue-Juan Sheng, BMed, Attending Doctor, Department of Obstetrics, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, No. 2666 Ludang Road, Suzhou 215200, Jiangsu Province, China. 13776158198@163.com
Received: May 16, 2024
Revised: July 9, 2024
Accepted: July 12, 2024
Published online: September 16, 2024
Processing time: 67 Days and 18 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Being too light at birth can increase the risk of various diseases during infancy.

AIM

To explore the effect of perinatal factors on term low-birth-weight (LBW) infants and build a predictive model. This model aims to guide the clinical management of pregnant women’s healthcare during pregnancy and support the healthy growth of newborns.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 1794 single full-term pregnant women who gave birth. Newborns were grouped based on birth weight: Those with birth weight < 2.5 kg were classified as the low-weight group, and those with birth weight between 2.5 kg and 4 kg were included in the normal group. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of full-term LBW. A risk prediction model was established based on the analysis results. The effectiveness of the model was analyzed using the Hosmer–Leme show test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to verify the accuracy of the predictions.

RESULTS

Among the 1794 pregnant women, there were 62 cases of neonatal weight < 2.5 kg, resulting in an LBW incidence rate of 3.46%. The factors influencing full-term LBW included low maternal education level [odds ratio (OR) = 1.416], fewer prenatal examinations (OR = 2.907), insufficient weight gain during pregnancy (OR = 3.695), irregular calcium supplementation during pregnancy (OR = 1.756), and pregnancy hypertension syndrome (OR = 2.192). The prediction model equation was obtained as follows: Logit (P) = 0.348 × maternal education level + 1.067 × number of prenatal examinations + 1.307 × insufficient weight gain during pregnancy + 0.563 × irregular calcium supplementation during pregnancy + 0.785 × pregnancy hypertension syndrome − 29.164. The area under the ROC curve for this model was 0.853, with a sensitivity of 0.852 and a specificity of 0.821. The Hosmer–Leme show test yielded χ2 = 2.185, P = 0.449, indicating a good fit. The overall accuracy of the clinical validation model was 81.67%.

CONCLUSION

The occurrence of full-term LBW is related to maternal education, the number of prenatal examinations, weight gain during pregnancy, calcium supplementation during pregnancy, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. The constructed predictive model can effectively predict the risk of full-term LBW.

Keywords: Pregnant women; Perinatal care; Low-birth-weight infants; Influencing factors; Prediction model

Core Tip: Being too light at birth can increase the risk of various diseases during infancy. While premature birth is a significant factor causing low-birth-weight (LBW) infants, it involves many uncontrollable factors. Our research innovation lies in excluding premature infants and analyzing only the factors influencing LBW in full-term infants, thereby revealing the impact of other characteristics on LBW. We discovered that full-term LBW is related to maternal education level, frequency of prenatal examinations, weight gain during pregnancy, calcium supplementation during pregnancy, and factors associated with preeclampsia. Based on these findings, we constructed a risk prediction model that can effectively predict the risk of full-term LBW.