Published online Jan 16, 2023. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i2.268
Peer-review started: October 10, 2022
First decision: November 16, 2022
Accepted: January 5, 2023
Article in press: January 5, 2023
Published online: January 16, 2023
Processing time: 93 Days and 12.5 Hours
As an important treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) plays an important role in reducing relapse and improving long-term survival. With rapid advancements in basic research in molecular biology and immunology and with deepening understanding of the biological characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells, allo-HSCT has been widely applied in clinical practice. During allo-HSCT, preconditioning, the donor, and the source of stem cells can be tailored to the patient’s conditions, greatly broadening the indications for HSCT, with clear survival benefits. However, the risks associated with allo-HSCT remain high, i.e. hematopoietic reconstitution failure, delayed immune reconstitution, graft-versus-host disease, and post-transplant relapse, which are bottlenecks for further improvements in allo-HSCT efficacy and have become hot topics in the field of HSCT. Other bottlenecks recognized in the current treatment of individuals diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and subjected to allo-HSCT include the selection of the most appropriate conditioning regimen and post-transplantation management. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of relevant research regarding these aspects.
Core Tip: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains an important player in the therapeutic armamentarium of acute myeloid leukemia. However, this procedure has its advantages and disadvantages. In this narrative review, we explore the obstacles and opportunities of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia as well as the recent advances in the field.