Role of serum β2-microglobulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in diabetic nephropathy

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8205

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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World J Clin Cases. Aug 16, 2022; 10(23): 8205-8211
Published online Aug 16, 2022. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8205

Role of serum β2-microglobulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in diabetic nephropathy

Bing Yang, Xiao-Hong Zhao, Guo-Bin Ma

Bing Yang, Xiao-Hong Zhao, Guo-Bin Ma, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 3201 Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong 723099, Shaanxi Province, China

Author contributions: Yang B contributed to conceptualization, data analysis, and writing; Zhao XH contributed to data analysis and writing; Ma GB revised the manuscript; and all authors have read and approved the manuscript.

Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the 3201 Hospital Institutional Review Board.

Informed consent statement: Informed consent was obtained from all study participants or their legal guardians prior to enrolment.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Data sharing statement: Data supporting the findings of this study can be found within the article.

STROBE statement: The manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE statement.

Corresponding author: Bing Yang, MM, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 3201 Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 783 Tianhan Avenue, Hanzhong 723099, Shaanxi Province, China. ybing3201@163.com

Received: May 6, 2022
Peer-review started: May 6, 2022
First decision: June 7, 2022
Revised: June 18, 2022
Accepted: July 6, 2022
Article in press: July 6, 2022
Published online: August 16, 2022
Processing time: 86 Days and 22.7 Hours

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes that can lead to kidney damage and high blood pressure. Increasing evidence support the important roles of microproteins and cytokines, such as β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we identified novel therapeutic options for this disease.

AIM

To analyze the guiding significance of β2-MG, HbA1c, and VEGF levels in patients with DN.

METHODS

A total of 107 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with nephropathy and treated in our hospital from May 2018 to February 2021 were included in the study. Additionally, 107 healthy individuals and 107 patients with simple diabetes mellitus were selected as the control groups. Changes in β2-MG, HbA1c, and VEGF levels in the three groups as well as the different proteinuria exhibited by the three groups were examined.

RESULTS

Changes in β2-MG, HbA1c, and VEGF levels in the disease, healthy, and simple diabetes groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). The expression of these factors from high to low were evaluated in different groups by pairwise comparison. In the disease group, high to low changes in β2-MG, HbA1c, and VEGF levels were noted in the massive proteinuria, microproteinuria, and normal urinary protein groups, respectively. Changes in these factors were positively correlated with disease progression.

CONCLUSION

The expression of serum β2-MG, HbA1c, and VEGF was closely correlated with DN progression, and disease progression could be evaluated by these factors.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetic nephropathy; β2-microglobulin; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Disease progression

Core Tip: This study investigated the relationship between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the expression of serum β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In total, 107 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by nephropathy were included in this study. Additionally, 107 healthy individuals were included in the control group. The expression levels of these factors, from high to low, were evaluated in the different groups by pairwise comparison. Serum β2-MG, HbA1c, and VEGF were all closely correlated with DN progression based on all indicators.