Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Methodol. Dec 20, 2025; 15(4): 103146
Published online Dec 20, 2025. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v15.i4.103146
Transcatheter atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale closure: Medicare utilization and reimbursements
Vidit Majmundar, Rohan Deo, Ajay Kumar Mishra, Peng-Yang Li, Marina Byer, Rhea Sancassani
Vidit Majmundar, Rohan Deo, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA 01608, United States
Ajay Kumar Mishra, Department of Cardiology, Concord Hospital, NH 03301, United States
Peng-Yang Li, Department of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
Marina Byer, Rhea Sancassani, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
Author contributions: Majmundar V, Deo R, and Mishra A contributed to manuscript writing and analysis of data; Majmundar V and Mishra A contributed to design; Deo R contributed to manuscript writing, editing; Li PY, Byer M, and Sancassani R contributed to manuscript review.
Institutional review board statement: No Institutional Review Board approval was necessary for this study. All data was deidentified and available from the website of Centre of Medicare Services.
Informed consent statement: No Humans were directly involved in this research project. Signed consent was not necessary as all data was deidentified and available from the website of Centre of Medicare Services.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work. No financial, personal, or professional affiliations influenced the research, analysis, or conclusions presented in this manuscript.
Data sharing statement: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. No proprietary or confidential data were used in this research.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ajay Kumar Mishra, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Concord Hospital, 250 Pleasant St, Concord, NH 03301, United States. ajaybalasore@gmail.com
Received: November 11, 2024
Revised: March 31, 2025
Accepted: April 11, 2025
Published online: December 20, 2025
Processing time: 267 Days and 19.1 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: From 2013 to 2022, the volume of transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD)/patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure procedures in Medicare beneficiaries rose by 81%, with an average annual growth rate of 44%. While annual Medicare reimbursements paralleled this trend, per-case reimbursements decreased by 18%, from $1128.80 in 2013 to $770.21 in 2022. A significant decline in procedures was observed in 2020, coinciding with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, followed by a sharp increase in 2021 and 2022. These results underscore a growing demand for ASD/PFO therapies, despite a reduction in reimbursement rates.