Published online Dec 20, 2025. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v15.i4.105493
Revised: March 29, 2025
Accepted: May 7, 2025
Published online: December 20, 2025
Processing time: 192 Days and 14 Hours
Relieving pain is central to the early management of knee osteoarthritis, with a plethora of pharmacological agents licensed for this purpose. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections are a widely used option, albeit with variable efficacy.
To develop a machine learning (ML) model that predicts which patients will benefit from corticosteroid injections.
Data from two prospective cohort studies [Osteoarthritis (OA) Initiative and Multicentre OA Study] was combined. The primary outcome was patient-reported pain score following corticosteroid injection, assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA pain scale, with significant change defined using minimally clinically important difference and meaningful within person change. A ML algorithm was developed, utilizing linear discriminant analysis, to predict symptomatic improvement, and examine the association between pain scores and patient factors by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and F2 score.
A total of 330 patients were included, with a mean age of 63.4 (SD: 8.3). The mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA pain score was 5.2 (SD: 4.1), with only 25.5% of patients achieving significant improvement in pain following corticosteroid injection. The ML model generated an accuracy of 67.8% (95% confidence interval: 64.6%-70.9%), F1 score of 30.8%, and an area under the curve score of 0.60.
The model demonstrated feasibility to assist clinicians with decision-making in patient selection for corticosteroid injections. Further studies are required to improve the model prior to testing in clinical settings.
Core Tip: Historically, the efficacy of corticosteroid injections in knee osteoarthritis has been heavily debated, as patient responses can vary significantly. This study evaluates the feasibility of a machine learning model to identify which patients with knee osteoarthritis will benefit from corticosteroid injections. Data from two cohort studies were combined for analysis. The model generated an accuracy of 67.8% (95% confidence interval: 64.6%-70.9%), F1 score of 30.8%, and an area under the curve score of 0.60. These metrics demonstrate feasibility to assist clinicians with decision-making in patient selection for corticosteroid injections. Further research is required to improve the model prior to testing in clinical settings.