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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Nephrol. Sep 25, 2025; 14(3): 102756
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i3.102756
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i3.102756
Cystatin C-based equations: Enhancing accuracy in kidney function tests for type 2 diabetes
Guido Gembillo, Domenico Santoro, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, Messina 90125, Italy
Concetto Sessa, Unit of Nephrology, Ragusa Hospital, Ragusa 97100, Sicilia, Italy
Co-corresponding authors: Guido Gembillo and Concetto Sessa.
Author contributions: Gembillo G and Santoro D were responsible for the conception of the study and supervision; Gembillo G and Sessa C were responsible for the design, the writing, the literature review, and critical review of the manuscript; they contributed equally to this article, and they are the co-corresponding authors of this manuscript; All authors thoroughly reviewed and endorsed the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Guido Gembillo, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Messina, AOU “G. Martino”, Via Consolare Valeria n 1, Messina 90125, Italy. ggembillo@gmail.com
Received: October 28, 2024
Revised: March 4, 2025
Accepted: March 14, 2025
Published online: September 25, 2025
Processing time: 324 Days and 14.7 Hours
Revised: March 4, 2025
Accepted: March 14, 2025
Published online: September 25, 2025
Processing time: 324 Days and 14.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: It is crucial to accurately determine the correct renal function of patients with type 2 diabetes. The use of creatinine alone has several limitations that can lead to an imprecise evaluation of the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Cystatin C appears to effectively mitigate the biases associated with the traditional determination of renal function using creatinine, and cystatin C-based equations provide a more precise and accurate method for estimating renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in clinical contexts where muscle mass can be a harbinger of doubt and misunderstanding.