Human immunodeficiency virus recency testing coverage and partner-notification-services among people-living with human immunodeficiency virus in low- and middle-income countries

Table 1 Summary of characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Country	Data source	Number of newly diagnosed	Number of people received RTRI test	RTRI coverage	Prevalence of RTRI recent infection	Prevalence of RITA recent infection	Prevalence of Reclassification from recent to long-term infection	Quality scores
Truong et al[14], 2022	Eswatini, Nigeria, Rwanda, Thailand, Uganda, Vietnam, Zambia	HIV program	231410	41688	18.0				8
Aungkulanon et al[22], 2022	Bangkok	HIV program	1291	694	53.8	8.5	7.8	8.5	8
Simanovong et al[23], 2022	Thailand	HIV program	196	153	78.1	4.6	3.9	14.3	7
Okiror et al[37], 20241	Uganda	HIV program	-	-	-	-	-	-	7
Herce et al[28], 2024	Zambia	HIV program	344	322	93.6	-	3.2	-	9
Mochama et al[17], 20241	Kenya	HIV program	-	-	-	-	-	-	8
Ouk et al[18], 20221	Cambodia	HIV program	-	-	-	-	-	-	7
Lerdtriphop et al[19], 20221	Thailand	HIV program	-	-	-	-	-	-	8
Rice et al[12], 2020	Kenya and Zimbabwe	HIV program	1582	1269	80.2	16.9	7.2	5.9	9
Negedu-Momoh et al[29], 2021	Nigeria	Survey	-	-	-	5.1	3.0	4.2	9
Welty et al[16], 2020	Kenya	HIV program	628	532	84.7	11.7	9.4	19.4	9
Voetsch et al[5], 2021	≥ 10 countries2	Survey	-	-	-	10.3	1.5	-	9
Rwibasira et al[24], 2021	Rwanda	HIV program	10701	7919	74.0	9.5	6.0	36.4	8
Mohloanyane et al[35], 2023	Lesotho	Survey	-	-	-	9.9	7.4	25.0	9
Alemu et al[25], 2022	Ethiopia	HIV program	5689	3129	55.0	-	14.2	-	8
Parmley et al[30], 2022	Zimbabwe	Survey	-	-	-	8.6	1.1	87.5	7
Young et al[31], 2023	Kenya	Survey	-	-	-	11.8	5.6	86.6	8
Telford et al[8], 2022	Malawi	HIV program	9295	9168	98.6	6.1	3.3	45.3	9
Ang et al[32], 2021	Singapore	Survey	-	-	-	25.7	19.0	26.1	8
Msukwa et al[26], 2020	Malawi	HIV program	14022	13838	98.7	6.3	3.2	43.1	9
Agyeman et al[33], 2022	Malawi	HIV program	-	-	-	19.7	13.9	29.3	8
Singh et al[34], 2023	South Africa	Laboratory	-	-	-	43.0	38.6	10.3	8
Zhou et al[36], 2023	China	HIV program	-	-	-	-	19.5	-	7
Saito et al[11], 20231	Rwanda	HIV program	-	-	-	-	-	-	7
Zhu et al[27], 2020	China	HIV program	1157	1152	99.6	17.9	15.1	15.1	9

¹Indicates studies that reported partner notification services only among recently infected people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

²Indicates ≥ 10 countries included Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; RITA: Recent infection testing algorithm; RTRI: Rapid testing for recent infection.

Table 2 Subgroup analysis on the prevalence of recency coverage, rapid testing for recent infection, recent infection testing algorithm and reclassification among newly diagnosed people living with human immunodeficiency virus in low- and mid-income countries

	Sources of data		P value
	HIV program, % (95%CI)	Laboratory/surveys, % (95%CI)
RTRI-recent HIV infection	11 (8-10)	14 (8-23)	0.510
RITA-recent HIV infection	6 (5-6)	5 (2-13)	0.440

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; RITA: Recent infection testing algorithm; RTRI: Rapid testing for recent infection.