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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Virol. Dec 25, 2025; 14(4): 113217
Published online Dec 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.113217
Published online Dec 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.113217
Thrombotic risk in hepatitis C: Interplay between hepatic dysfunction, viral-driven inflammation, and cardiovascular consequences
Mohammed Zohery, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States
Sarah Jahangir, Hamed Carter Jenna, Department of Medicine, East Carolina University/Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
Shiza Sarfraz, Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University/Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
Hadeera Ali, Department of Medicine, CMH Hospital, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Raza, Department of Medicine, CMH Hospital, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
Taha Rafiq, Department of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway TK33, Ireland
Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Motility, The Uni
Vinay Jahagirdar, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas, MI 64110, United States
Hassam Ali, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, East Carolina Uni
Author contributions: Zohery M, Jahangir S, Jenna HC, Sarfraz S, Ali H, Raza M, Rafiq T, Dahiya DS, and Jahagirdar V contributed to literature review, drafting, and figure/table preparation; Dahiya DS, Jahagirdar V, and Ali H critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content; Ali H conceived the review topic and supervised manuscript preparation. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hassam Ali, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, East Carolina University/Brody School of Medicine, 2100 Statonsburg Road, Greenville, NC 27858, United States. hassamali155@gmail.com
Received: August 19, 2025
Revised: September 17, 2025
Accepted: November 28, 2025
Published online: December 25, 2025
Processing time: 128 Days and 17.7 Hours
Revised: September 17, 2025
Accepted: November 28, 2025
Published online: December 25, 2025
Processing time: 128 Days and 17.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition that promotes thrombosis through inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation imbalance. This minireview highlights how hepatitis C contributes to portal vein thrombosis, venous thromboembolism, and cardiovascular disease. Direct-acting antiviral therapy not only clears the virus but also reduces systemic inflammation and thrombotic risk, though patients with advanced fibrosis remain vulnerable. The review emphasizes the urgent need for hepatitis C-specific thrombotic risk assessment tools and biomarker-guided strategies to improve prevention and management.