Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Virol. Sep 25, 2025; 14(3): 109161
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109161
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109161
Recent advances in avian influenza virus: Molecular pathogenesis, emerging strains, and next-generation therapeutics
Basavraj S Nagoba, Department of Microbiology, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (Medical College), Latur 413531, Maharashtra, India
Shree V Dhotre, Department of Microbiology, Ashwini Rural Medical College, Solapur 413006, Maharashtra, India
Mahesh N Sonar, Department of Pediatrics, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (Medical College), Latur 413531, Maharashtra, India
Ajay M Gavkare, Department of Physiology, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (Medical College), Latur 413531, Maharashtra, India
Sachin S Mumbre, Department of Community Medicine, Ashwini Rural Medical College, Solapur 413006, India
Pradnya S Dhotre, Department of Biochemistry, Ashwini Rural Medical College, Solapur 413006, India
Author contributions: Nagoba BS designed the overall concept and outline of the manuscript; Dhotre SV, Gavkare AM, Mumbre SS, and Dhotre PS contributed to the discussion and design of the manuscript; Nagoba BS, Dhotre SV and Gavkare AM contributed to the writing, and editing the manuscript and review of literature; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Basavraj S Nagoba, PhD, Professor, Department of Microbiology, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (Medical College), Vishwanathpuram, Ambajogai Road, Latur 413531, Maharashtra, India. dr_bsnagoba@yahoo.com
Received: May 6, 2025
Revised: May 17, 2025
Accepted: July 25, 2025
Published online: September 25, 2025
Processing time: 147 Days and 22.6 Hours
Revised: May 17, 2025
Accepted: July 25, 2025
Published online: September 25, 2025
Processing time: 147 Days and 22.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Avian influenza viruses continue to evolve through re-assortment and mutation, posing persistent zoonotic and pandemic threats. This review synthesizes recent advances in molecular virology, highlights emerging high-risk strains, and evaluates next-generation vaccines and antiviral therapies. A deeper understanding of host–virus interactions, combined with advanced surveillance and innovative therapeutics, will be crucial for future pandemic prevention.