Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Virol. Jun 25, 2025; 14(2): 95826
Published online Jun 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.95826
Synergistic efficacy of phages along with vancomycin for eradication of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
Minakshi Sahu, Ranjeet Kumar Vishwakarma, Subhash Lal Karn, Gopal Nath
Minakshi Sahu, Subhash Lal Karn, Gopal Nath, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
Ranjeet Kumar Vishwakarma, Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
Subhash Lal Karn, Department of Microbiology, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Banke 21904, Nepal
Author contributions: Sahu M and Vishwakarma RK performed the experiments; Sahu M, Karn SL, and Nath G compiled and wrote the manuscript; Nath G designed and conceptualized the work; Nath G did the final editing of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The Institutional Ethics Committee of Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi provided IRB approval in 2022 with the reference number Dean/2022/EC/3330.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that the research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Gopal Nath, PhD, Senior Professor, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi 221005, India. gopalnath@gmail.com
Received: April 19, 2024
Revised: September 13, 2024
Accepted: October 23, 2024
Published online: June 25, 2025
Processing time: 429 Days and 22 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Due to the potential limitations associated with either phages or antibiotics alone, extensive in-vitro and in-vivo investigations are required to evaluate the synergistic effect of phages and antibiotics in managing bacterial infection. The combination therapy offers significant advantages, including enhanced elimination of bacterial cells and decreased phage or antibiotic resistance development. Our study indicates that the combined treatment of phages and vancomycin with specified dose, order, and timing would yield better eradication of bacteria in a biofilm state than the application of either alone.