Published online May 25, 2022. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i3.137
Peer-review started: December 28, 2021
First decision: February 8, 2022
Revised: March 5, 2022
Accepted: April 21, 2022
Article in press: April 21, 2022
Published online: May 25, 2022
Processing time: 142 Days and 22.4 Hours
Omicron, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant that is now spreading across the world, is the most altered version to emerge so far, with mutations comparable to changes reported in earlier variants of concern linked with increased transmissibility and partial resistance to vaccine-induced immunity. This article provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron (B.1.1.529) by reviewing the literature from major scientific databases. Although clear immunological and clinical data are not yet available, we extrapolated from what is known about mutations present in the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 and offer preliminary indications on transmissibility, severity, and immune escape through existing research and databases.
Core Tip: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, Omicron (B.1.1.529), was first reported to World Health Organization from South Africa on November 24, 2021. Omicron has been labeled a variant of concern because of genetic changes that increase transmissibility and decrease the effectiveness of health measures, vaccines, and therapeutics. This variant has 32 mutations in the spike protein, which is problematic because vaccinations designed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections target spike proteins. Despite some evidence that vaccination alone may not be enough, non-pharmaceutical practices such as continued use of face masks, proper hygiene precautions, and social distancing, are required to successfully combat this variant.