Anxiety and depression in relation to resilience and quality of life in patients with kidney calculi

Table 1 Anxiety and depression prevalence in kidney calculi patients, n (%)

Anxiety/depression	n = 119
HAMA (points), mean ± SD	6.00 (5.00, 9.00)
Normal (< 7)	60 (50.42)
Potential anxiety (7-13)	56 (47.06)
Clinical anxiety (14-20)	3 (2.52)
Moderate anxiety (21-29)	0 (0.00)
Severe anxiety (> 29)	0 (0.00)
Anxiety (≥ 7)	59 (49.58)
HAMD (points), mean ± SD	10.00 (5.00, 13.00)
Normal (< 8)	42 (35.29)
Mild depression (8-19)	69 (57.98)
Moderate depression (20-35)	8 (6.72)
Severe depression (> 35)	0 (0.00)
Depression (≥ 8)	77 (64.71)

HAMA: Hamilton Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Self-Rating Depression Scale.

Table 2 Correlation of anxiety and depression with resilience and quality of life

Correlation	CD-RISC (points)	GQOLI-74 (points)
HAMA (points)	r = -0.194, P = 0.034	r = -0.394, P < 0.001
HAMD (points)	r = -0.413, P < 0.001	r = -0.347, P < 0.001

HAMA: Hamilton Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Self-Rating Depression Scale; CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; GQOLI-74: General Quality of Life Inventory-74.

Table 3 Variable assignments

Factor	Variable	Assignment
Sex	X1	Female: 0
		Male: 1
Age (years)	X2	< 60: 0
		≥ 60: 1
Educational level	X3	≥ Senior high school: 0
		< Senior high school: 1
Per capita monthly income	X4	≤ 3500: 0
		> 3500: 1
Complications	X5	No: 0
		Yes: 1
Social support	X6	No: 0
		Yes: 1
CD-RISC	X7	≤ 55: 0
		> 55: 1
GQOLI-74	X8	≤ 45: 0
		> 45: 1
Anxiety	Y1	HAMA < 7: 0
		HAMA ≥ 7: 1
Depression	Y2	HAMD < 8: 0
		HAMD ≥ 8: 1

CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; GQOLI-74: General Quality of Life Inventory-74.

Table 4 Multivariate assessment of anxiety determinants in kidney calculi patients

Variable	B	SE	Wald	P value	Exp (B)	95%CI
Sex	-0.070	0.561	0.016	0.900	0.932	0.310-2.802
Age	0.682	0.545	1.564	0.211	1.977	0.679-5.756
Educational level	-0.570	0.583	0.955	0.328	0.566	0.180-1.774
Per capita monthly income	-1.845	0.600	9.449	0.002	0.158	0.049-0.512
Complications	1.236	0.575	4.624	0.032	3.442	1.116-10.619
Social support	-0.062	0.552	0.013	0.911	0.940	0.319-2.774
CD-RISC	-2.588	0.591	19.158	< 0.001	0.075	0.024-0.239
GQOLI-74	-2.510	0.598	17.636	< 0.001	0.081	0.025-0.262

CI: Confidence interval; CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; GQOLI-74: General Quality of Life Inventory-74.

Table 5 Predictors of depression in kidney calculi patients (multivariate regression)

Variable	B	SE	Wald	P value	Exp (B)	95%CI
Sex	-0.870	0.671	1.683	0.194	0.419	0.112-1.560
Age	-0.082	0.662	0.015	0.901	0.921	0.252-3.372
Educational level	-0.119	0.701	0.029	0.866	0.888	0.225-3.511
Per capita monthly income	-2.406	0.671	12.839	< 0.001	0.090	0.024-0.336
Complications	0.143	0.680	0.044	0.834	1.153	0.304-4.374
Social support	-1.992	0.667	8.912	0.003	0.136	0.037-0.504
CD-RISC	-2.820	0.724	15.170	< 0.001	0.060	0.014-0.246
GQOLI-74	-1.618	0.710	5.197	0.023	0.198	0.049-0.797

CI: Confidence interval; CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; GQOLI-74: General Quality of Life Inventory-74.