Anxiety and depression in relation to resilience and quality of life in patients with kidney calculi

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.111821

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2026; 16(3): 111821
Published online Mar 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.111821

Anxiety and depression in relation to resilience and quality of life in patients with kidney calculi

Da-Wei Luo, Hai-Liang Du

Da-Wei Luo, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China

Hai-Liang Du, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China

Author contributions: Luo DW and Du HL designed the research and wrote the first manuscript, contributed to conceiving the research and analyzing data; and conducted the analysis and provided guidance for the research; and all authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University.

Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.

Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.

Corresponding author: Hai-Liang Du, MM, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China. hailiangdu003@yeah.net

Received: September 9, 2025
Revised: October 29, 2025
Accepted: December 12, 2025
Published online: March 19, 2026
Processing time: 172 Days and 0.7 Hours

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Anxiety and depression are understudied in kidney calculi despite their inverse correlation with clinical outcomes.

AIM

To investigate the correlation of anxiety and depression with resilience and quality of life (QoL) in patients with kidney calculi, and to identify contributors to these emotional disorders in such patients.

METHODS

This study included 119 patients with kidney calculi who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from May 2022 to March 2025. Patients’ anxiety [Hamilton Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (HAMA)], depression [Hamilton Self-Rating Depression Scale (HAMD)], resilience [Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)], and QoL [General QoL Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74)] were assessed. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to analyze the correlations of anxiety and depression with resilience and QoL. Multivariate modeling identified anxiety and depression contributors in patients with kidney calculi.

RESULTS

Anxiety and depressive symptoms affected 49.58% and 64.71% of participants, respectively. Notably lower CD-RISC scores (across tenacity, strength, and optimism dimensions and the global scale) were observed in the anxiety/depression groups vs their corresponding non-anxiety/non-depression groups. The same pattern was observed in GQOLI-74 global and subscale scores. Both HAMA and HAMD correlated inversely with CD-RISC (HAMA: r = -0.194, P = 0.034; HAMD: r = -0.413, P < 0.001) and GQOLI-74 (HAMA: r = -0.394, P < 0.001; HAMD: r = -0.347,P < 0.001). As confirmed by multivariate regression, per capita monthly income [odds ratio (OR) = 0.158, P = 0.002], complications (risk factor, OR = 3.442, P = 0.032), CD-RISC (OR = 0.075, P < 0.001), and GQOLI-74 (OR = 0.081, P < 0.001) each independently affected anxiety risk. Depression-associated independent predictors included income (OR = 0.090, P < 0.001), social support (OR = 0.136, P = 0.003), CD-RISC (OR = 0.060, P < 0.001), and GQOLI-74 (OR = 0.198, P = 0.023).

CONCLUSION

Anxiety and depression exhibited an intimate connection with resilience and QoL in patients with kidney calculi. High income, great resilience, and superior QoL are protective against psychological distress.

Keywords: Kidney calculi; Anxiety; Depression; Resilience; Quality of life; Determinants

Core Tip: This research investigates anxiety and depression in relation to resilience and quality of life (QoL) in patients with kidney calculi, while exploring anxiety and depression contributors. We revealed an inverse connection between anxiety and depression in patients and their resilience and QoL. Low per capita monthly income (≤ 3500 yuan), poor resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale ≤ 55 points), and inferior life quality (General QoL Inventory-74 ≤ 45 points) increased the risk of developing both anxiety and depression in such patients. Further, complications and insufficient social support increased anxiety and depression risks, respectively.