Current status and influencing factors of anxiety in patients with malignant tumors after anesthesia recovery

Table 1 General information of 168 patients

Characteristic	n = 168
Gender
Male	95
Female	73
Age (years old)	62.74 ± 7.42
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.99 ± 2.63
Ethnicity
Han	139
Ethnic minorities	29
Education level
Junior high school or below	94
Senior high school or above	74
Marital status
Married	103
Single/divorced/widowed	65
Annual income (in ten thousand yuan)
< 5	100
≥ 5	68
Smoking history	72
Drinking history	83
Diabetes	81
Hypertension	70
Medical payment method
Medical insurance	128
Self-funded	40
Operative duration
≤ 3	82
> 3	86
Tumor staging
I-II	94
III-IV	74
American Society of Anesthesiologists grading
I	67
II	101

Table 2 Univariate analysis of postoperative agitation in patients

Characteristic		Agitation group (n = 41)	Non-agitation group (n = 127)	χ2/t	P value
Gender				0.627	0.429
Male	95	21	74
Female	73	20	53
Age		66.05 ± 4.95	61.68 ± 7.77	3.382	0.0009
Body mass index		22.49 ± 2.80	23.15 ± 2.56	1.397	0.164
Ethnicity				0.835	0.361
Han	139	32	107
Ethnic minorities	29	9	20
Education level				0.555	0.456
Junior high school or below	94	25	69
Senior high school or above	74	16	58
Marital status				1.115	0.291
Married	103	28	75
Single/divorced/widowed	65	13	52
Annual income (in ten thousand yuan)				0.774	0.379
< 5	100	22	78
≥ 5	68	19	49
Smoking history	72	19	53	0.269	0.604
Drinking history	83	26	57	4.259	0.039
Diabetes	81	27	54	6.759	0.009
Hypertension	70	20	50	1.129	0.288
Medical payment method				0.273	0.602
Medical insurance	128	30	98
Self-funded	40	11	29
Operative duration				8.289	0.004
≤ 3 hours	82	12	70
> 3 hours	86	29	57
Tumor staging				0.555	0.456
I-II	94	25	69
III-IV	74	16	58
American Society of Anesthesiologists grading				0.744	0.388
I	67	14	53
II	101	27	74
Preoperative anxiety score		12.85 ± 2.34	9.94 ± 2.56	6.458	< 0.0001
Anesthesia duration (hours)				9.849	0.002
≤ 3 hours	89	13	76
> 3 hours	79	28	51
Visual Analogue Scale score during recovery		6.24 ± 1.11	5.57 ± 1.17	3.268	0.001
Mode of anesthesia				5.949	0.015
Intravenous anesthesia	101	18	83
Intravenous-inhalation combined anesthesia	67	23	44
Intraoperative hypothermia				5.022	0.025
With	73	24	49
Without	95	17	78
Extubation complications				0.226	0.635
With	21	6	15
Without	147	35	112
Indwelling catheter				0.039	0.844
With	22	5	17
Without	146	36	110

Table 3 Multivariate logistic analysis of postoperative agitation in patients

Variable	Assignment	β	SE	Wald	P value	HR	95%CI
Constant	-	-19.485	3.797	26.332	0.000	0.000	-
Age	Continuous variable	0.102	0.047	4.767	0.029	1.108	0.846-6.863
Drinking history	1 = with, 0 = without	0.880	0.534	2.713	0.100	2.410	0.847-6.774
Diabetes	1 = with, 0 = without	0.873	0.530	2.712	0.100	2.395	0.847-6.774
Operative duration	1: ≥ 3 hours, 0: < 3 hours	1.310	0.562	5.434	0.020	3.706	1.232-11.151
Preoperative anxiety score	Continuous variable	0.603	0.132	20.941	0.000	1.827	1.411-2.365
Anesthesia duration	1: ≥ 3 hours, 0: < 3 hours	0.505	0.533	0.898	0.343	1.657	0.583-4.709
Visual Analogue Scale score during recovery	Continuous variable	0.293	0.235	1.563	0.211	1.341	0.847-2.124
Mode of anesthesia	1 = intravenous-inhalation combined anesthesia, 0 = intravenous anesthesia	0.723	0.529	1.871	0.171	2.060	0.731-5.806
Intraoperative hypothermia	1 = with, 0 = without	1.544	0.536	8.305	0.004	4.682	1.639-13.380

SE: Standard error; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Univariate analysis of postoperative patient anxiety

Characteristic	Anxiety group (n = 59)	Non-anxiety group (n = 109)	χ2/t	P value
Postoperative anxiety score	10.29 ± 2.25	5.58 ± 0.67	20.300	< 0.0001
Gender			0.594	0.441
Male	31	64
Female	28	45
Age	64.37 ± 6.14	61.86 ± 7.91	2.116	0.035
Body mass index	22.58 ± 2.27	23.20 ± 2.79	1.464	0.145
Ethnicity			0.603	0.438
Han	47	92
Ethnic minorities	12	17
Education level			5.176	0.023
Junior high school or below	40	54
Senior high school or above	19	55
Marital status			0.520	0.471
Married	34	69
Single/divorced/widowed	25	40
Annual income (in ten thousand yuan)			17.991	< 0.0001
< 5	48	52
≥ 5	11	57
Smoking history	28	44	0.786	0.375
Drinking history	30	53	0.076	0.783
Diabetes	33	48	2.169	0.141
Hypertension	27	43	0.628	0.428
Medical payment method
Medical insurance	41	87	2.250	0.134
Self-funded	18	22
Operative duration			0.067	0.797
≤ 3	28	54
> 3	31	55
Tumor staging			2.663	0.103
I-II	28	66
III-IV	31	43
American Society of Anesthesiologists grading			0.255	0.614
I	22	45
II	37	64
Preoperative anxiety score	11.56 ± 2.46	10.17 ± 2.86	3.154	0.002
Anesthesia duration			0.534	0.465
≤ 3	29	60
> 3	30	49
Visual Analogue Scale score during recovery	6.08 ± 0.97	5.54 ± 1.25	2.880	0.004
Mode of anesthesia			0.024	0.877
Intravenous anesthesia	35	66
Intravenous-inhalation combined anesthesia	24	43
Intraoperative hypothermia			0.043	0.836
With	25	48
Without	34	61
Extubation complications			5.109	0.024
With	12	9
Without	47	100
Indwelling catheter			1.187	0.276
With	10	12
Without	49	97

Table 5 Multivariate logistic analysis of postoperative anxiety in patients

Variable	Assignment	β	SE	Wald	P value	HR	95%CI
Constant	-	-7.517	2.309	10.596	0.001	0.001	-
Age	Continuous variable	0.023	0.032	0.490	0.484	1.023	0.960-1.090
Preoperative anxiety score	Continuous variable	0.188	0.074	6.517	0.011	1.207	1.079-4.789
Education level	1 = senior high school or above, 0 = junior high school or below	-0.782	0.388	4.068	0.044	0.458	0.214-0.978
Annual income (in ten thousand yuan)	1: < 5, 0: ≥ 5	1.395	0.430	10.504	0.001	4.035	1.079-4.789
Visual Analogue Scale score during recovery	Continuous variable	0.399	0.169	5.562	0.018	1.491	1.070-2.077
Extubation complications	1 = with, 0 = without	0.555	0.555	1.000	0.317	1.742	0.587-5.172

SE: Standard error; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.