Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity in amygdala subregions among adolescents with depression and suicide attempts

Table 1 Comparison of demographic and clinical information among the three group

Characteristic	Adolescent MDD with suicide attempt (n = 32)	Adolescent MDD without suicide attempt (n = 33)	Healthy control (n = 34)	F/t/χ2	P value
Age (years)	14.47 ± 1.97	14.21 ± 1.85	14.85 ± 2.03	0.92	0.40
Gender (male/female)	6/26	10/23	7/27	1.42	0.49
Education level (years)	8.81 ± 1.80	8.70 ± 1.81	9.00 ± 1.81	0.24	0.78
9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (score)	18.90 ± 5.41	18.58 ± 7.30	-	0.20	0.84
Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview suicide subscale	20.50 ± 12.41	19.52 ± 11.74	-	0.32	0.75
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (score)	20.37 ± 6.33	19.21 ± 6.36	-	0.72	0.47
Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist
Interpersonal relationship (score)	14.09 ± 6.94	15.45 ± 6.54	-	-0.18	0.42
Study pressure (score)	11.81 ± 5.80	13.55 ± 5.81	-	-1.20	0.23
Punishment (score)	11.50 ± 7.23	13.50 ± 7.21	-	-1.10	0.27
Sense of loss (score)	3.25 ± 3.87	3.09 ± 3.99	-	0.16	0.87
Healthy adaptation (score)	5.84 ± 4.07	6.39 ± 4.87	-	-0.49	0.62
Other factors (score)	7.94 ± 4.64	9.18 ± 3.93	-	-1.17	0.25

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. MDD: Major depressive disorder.

Table 2 Differential brain regions of the amygdala subregion resting-state functional connectivity between the three groups

Seed	Side	Brain area	Cluster size	X	Y	Z	F value	P value
Left LA	R	PHG	65	30	-12	-18	14.71	< 0.001
	L	THA	55	6	-27	-24	21.53	< 0.001
	R	FFG	71	30	-33	-18	17.17	< 0.001
Left MeA	L	THA	46	-6	-33	-18	21.10	< 0.001
Right LA	R	PHG	190	18	-21	-3	30.21	< 0.001
	L	THA	51	-12	-27	0	17.64	< 0.001
	L	Middle occipital gyrus	56	-18	-90	0	12.15	< 0.001
Right MeA	R	Superior temporal gyrus	26	45	0	-15	16.73	< 0.001
	L	FFG	67	-30	-18	-30	17.90	< 0.001

Gaussian random field correction: (1) P < 0.001 for voxel level; and (2) P < 0.05 for cluster level, two-tailed test. FFG: Fusiform gyrus; L: Left; LA: Lateral amygdala; MeA: Medial amygdala; PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus; R: Right; THA: Thalamus.

Table 3 Post hoc analysis of brain region differences in resting-state functional connectivity in the amygdala subregion between the two groups

Seed	Brain area	Cluster size	X	Y	Z	T value	P value
Left LA	sMDD < HC
	R. PHG	33	18	-21	-3	-4.87	< 0.001
	L. THA	78	-18	-24	0	-4.88	< 0.001
	nsMDD < HC
	R. FFG	86	30	-33	-15	-5.30	< 0.001
Left MeA	sMDD < HC
	L. THA	67	-18	-24	0	-4.91	< 0.001
	nsMDD < HC
	L. FFG	62	-27	-42	-18	-4.63	< 0.001
Right LA	sMDD < nsMDD
	R. inferior occipital gyrus	32	36	-87	-3	-4.01	< 0.001
	L. middle occipital gyrus	48	-18	-99	3	-4.09	< 0.001
	sMDD < HC
	R. PHG	55	18	-24	-6	-5.68	< 0.001
	L. THA	87	-12	-27	0	-4.88	< 0.001
	nsMDD < HC
	R. PHG	102	18	-21	-3	-6.14	< 0.001
	L. FFG	218	-21	-36	-21	-5.49	< 0.001
Right MeA	sMDD < HC
	R. FFG	63	33	-39	-21	-4.46	< 0.001
	R. temporal pole: Superior temporal gyrus	34	45	3	-18	-5.00	< 0.001
	nsMDD < HC
	L. FFG	181	-21	-36	-18	-5.45	< 0.001

Gaussian random field correction: (1) P < 0.001 for voxel level; and (2) P < 0.05 for cluster level, two-tailed test. FFG: Fusiform gyrus; HC: Healthy control; L: Left; LA: Lateral amygdala; MeA: Medial amygdala; nsMDD: Adolescent major depressive disorder without suicide attempt; PHG: Parahippocampal gyrus; R: Right; sMDD: Adolescent major depressive disorder with suicide attempt; THA: Thalamus.